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Hutano hwepfungwa nhamba 2021

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Hutano hwepfungwa uye kusagadzikana kwekushandisa zvinhu zvinokanganisa 13% yehuwandu hwepasi rose. Iyo nhamba inogona kuwedzera sevanhu kutenderera pasirese pekugara munzvimbo uye kugadzirisa kune itsva zvakajairwa pakati pecoronavirus denda. Muongororo yedu yenyika pa hutano hwepfungwa uye coronavirus , takaona kuti COVID-19 denda rakanganisa hutano hwepfungwa hwevanhu ve59% muUnited States. Kubvisa chiseko chakakomberedza chirwere chepfungwa kwakakosha ikozvino kupfuura nakare kose. Aya anotevera hutano hwepfungwa huwandu hunoratidza kukura uye kukanganisa kwehutano hwepfungwa.

Chii chinonzi kurwara nepfungwa?

Chirwere chepfungwa chine zvikamu zviviri — izvo zvine chero chirwere chepfungwa (AMI) nevaya vane chirwere chepfungwa chakakomba (SMI) , asi izvi hazviwirirane.

AMI inotsanangurwa neiyo Substance Abuse uye Mental Health Services Association (SAMHSA) seine chero hutano hwepfungwa, hwepamoyo, kana hwehunhu hwakasangana neDiagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders, yechina edition (DSM-IV) maitiro. Munhu ane AMI anotsanangurwa seane SMI neSAMHSA kana kusagadzikana kwavo kuchikanganisa kana kudzikamisa rimwe kana mamwe mabasa makuru ehupenyu.

Mamwe mamiriro ehutano hwepfungwa anosanganisira:

Kuzvidya mwoyo: Kushungurudzika kusagadzikana kunoonekwa nekuramba uchinetseka, kutya, uye kushushikana kunokanganisa hupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwemunhu.
Kushungurudzika: Kuramba wakaderera manzwiro, kuneta, uye kusuruvara kwakadzama zviratidzo zvakakurumbira zvekushungurudzika kukuru.
Matambudziko ekushandisa zvinhu: Kugara uchishandisa doro uye / kana zvinodhaka zvinokanganisa hunhu hwemunhu muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
Bipolar kusagadzikana: Bipolar kusagadzikana kunosanganisira kushanduka kwakanyanya mukushushikana kana kushoma kwemood uye manic yakakwira mamoods anogona kupedza vhiki refu.
Schizophrenia: Schizophrenia chirwere chisingaperi uye chakakomba chepfungwa chinokanganisa pfungwa dzemunhu, manzwiro, uye maitiro
Matambudziko ekudya: Dambudziko rekudya zvirwere zvinokanganisa hukama hwemunhu nechikafu nemufananidzo wemuviri.
Kucherekedza-kumanikidza kusagadzikana (OCD): OCD chirwere chisingaperi, chinogara kwenguva refu kushungurudzika uko munhu anowana zvisinganzwisisike, zvisingadzorike, pfungwa dzinodzokororwa dzinoteverwa nehunhu hwekuita.
Post-traumatic kushungurudzika kusagadzikana (PTSD): PTSD chirwere icho inokura kune vamwe vakasangana nechiitiko chinotyisa kana chine njodzi uye ndinonetseka kupora kubva mukushungurudzwa kwakaitika chiitiko.

Kurwara kwepfungwa kwakanyanya sei?

970 mamirioni vanhu pasi rese vane hutano hwepfungwa kana kushungurudzwa kwezvinodhaka. (Nyika Yedu muData, 2018)
Kuzvidya mwoyo ndicho chirwere chepfungwa chakajairika pasi rose, chinokanganisa vanhu mazana mazana maviri negumi nemana. (Nyika Yedu muData, 2018)
Pasi rose, chirwere chepfungwa chinokanganisa vamwe vakadzi (11.9%) kupfuura vanhurume (9.3%). (Nyika Yedu muData, 2018)
Kushungurudzika kukuru, kushushikana, kushungurudzwa kwekushandisa doro, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, uye dysthymia (kuramba uchiderera kushushikana) zvakaonekwa sekukonzeresa kwekuremara muU.S. (U.S. Burden of Disease Collaborators, 2013)
Huwandu hwevakafa veavo vane kusagadzikana kwepfungwa hwakanyanya kukwirira kupfuura huwandu hwevanhu, iine wepakati tarisiro yehupenyu kurasikirwa kweanosvika makore gumi. ( JAMA Psychiatry, 2015)
Inofungidzirwa kusagadzikana kwepfungwa kunokonzerwa ne14.3% yevakafa pasi rese, kana vangangoita mamirioni masere kufa gore rega. ( JAMA Psychiatry, 2015)

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Hutano hwepfungwa huwandu hwepasirese

Kuzvidya mwoyo kunokanganisa vanhu mamiriyoni mazana mana negumi nemana munyika.
Kushungurudzika kunokanganisa vanhu mamirioni makumi maviri nemakumi mana nemana.
Doro rekushandisa kusagadzikana rinobata vanhu zviuru gumi nezviviri.
Chirwere chekushandisa zvinodhaka chinokanganisa vanhu mamirioni makumi manomwe nemana.
Bipolar disorder inobata vanhu vane mamirioni makumi mana nemana.
Schizophrenia inobata vanhu vane mamirioni makumi maviri.
Dambudziko rekudya rinokanganisa vanhu vane mamirioni gumi nematanhatu.

Nyika Yedu muData, 2018

Hutano hwepfungwa huwandu muUS

Vanopfuura chikamu chechina (26.3%) chevakuru vane makore gumi nemasere kusvika makumi maviri nemashanu ekuberekwa vaive nehurwere hwepfungwa muna2018.
Vanenge vangangoita 8% yevakuru vane makore gumi nemasere kusvika makumi maviri nemashanu vane chirwere chakakomba chepfungwa muna2018.
Kushushikana kusagadzikana kunokanganisa vanhu vakuru makumi mana emamiriyoni muU.S. (18.1% yevagari) ichivaita chirwere chepfungwa chakanyanya. (Kushushikana uye Kushungurudzika Association of America)
Chiyero chevanhu vane makore gumi nemasere kusvika makumi maviri nemashanu ekuberekwa chakaratidza zviratidzo zvinoenderana nekushungurudzika kukuru kwakawedzera 63% kubva muna 2009 kusvika 2017. (American Psychological Association, 2019)

(SAMHSA, 2018)

Kurapa kwepfungwa

Kurapwa kwepfungwa kunosiyana pakati pemhando dzekushushikana kwepfungwa. Avo vanotsvaga kurapwa vanofanirwa kubvunza chiremba kana wezvehutano hwepfungwa kuti vakurukure huwandu hwerapi nemishonga ndiyo yakanyanya kukodzera kwavari.

Kurapa kunogona kudhura, nemitengo yekurapa uye mishonga ichiwedzera zviuru zvemadhora. IU.S. yakashandisa $ 187.8 bhiriyoni pamamiriro ehutano hwepfungwa uye kusagadzikana kwekushandisa zvinhu mu2013.Makumi manomwe emabhiriyoni emutengo iwoyo wakashandiswa pakurapwa kwekushushikana chete.

Zvinoenderana ne kudzidza kwakaburitswa naLancet Psychiatry , mutengo wakazara wekurapwa kwekushushikana uye kushungurudzika kushushikana munyika dzese makumi matatu neshanu pasirese inofungidzirwa kunge iri $ 147 bhiriyoni panosvika gore ra2030. Mari iyi ichaburitsa mambure, zvichibva pakufungidzira uye zvine mwero 5% kuvandudza mukugadzirwa kwebasa zvichikonzera $ 399 bhiriyoni yehupfumi. fuma.

Inishuwarenzi inovhara masevhisi epfungwa?

Zvese zveMusika Market inishuwarenzi yehutano inovhara hutano hwepfungwa uye nekushandisa zvinodhaka, maererano zvehutano.gov . Aya masevhisi anosanganisira psychotherapy, kuraira, varwere vepatient, uye kurapa kwekushandisa kusagadzikana kurapwa. Pamusoro pezvo, zvirongwa zveMusika hazvigone kukurambidza kufukidzwa kwekuve nehutano hwepfungwa hwepfungwa.

Uyezve, Medicaid ndiye chete mubhadharo mukurusa wezvehutano hwepfungwa muUnited States.

Kusvika panosvika kufukidzwa kweMedicare, Medicare Chikamu A chinovhara kuzvipatara, kusanganisira kubvumidzwa nekuda kwezvinetso zvehutano hwepfungwa, uye Medicare B inovhara kushanya kwehutano hwepfungwa. Heino runyorwa ruzere rwe masevhisi akavharidzirwa .

TO kudzidza yakaitwa muna2006 inofungidzirwa huwandu hwepakati, mutengo wekuchengeta, uye huwandu hwekubhadharwa kweanorapwa varwere vepfungwa muzvipatara zvevanhu vanosvika mazana mana negumi nemasere muU.S.

Avhareji mutengo wekuendesa kurapwa kune avo vane Medicare:

Schizophrenia kurapwa: $ 8,509 kwemazuva 11.1
Bipolar kusagadzikana kurapwa: $ 7,593 kwemazuva 9.4
Kushungurudzika kurapwa: $ 6 990 kwemazuva 8.4

Zvinosuruvarisa, maererano neongororo ya2006, varwere vasina kuvimbiswa vanogona kuwana rubatsiro rwepamusoro. Cherekedza kuti nguva yekurapwa kwevasina kuvimbiswa varwere ipfupi pane kurapwa kweinishuwarenzi.

Avhareji mutengo wekuendesa kurapwa kune avo vasina uninsured:

Schizophrenia kurapwa: $ 5 707 kwemazuva 7.4
Bipolar kusagadzikana kurapwa: $ 4,356 kwemazuva 5.5
Kushungurudzika kurapwa: $ 3,616 kwemazuva 4.4

(Psychiatric Services, 2012)

Hutano hwepfungwa hwekurapa huwandu

Iyo National Survey yekushandisa Zvinodhaka uye Hutano inotsanangura mabasa ehutano hwepfungwa sekugamuchira kurapwa kwevanorapwa kana varwere vekunze kana kurairwa kana kutora mishonga yemishonga yezvinetso zvehutano hwepfungwa.

15% yevakuru vechidiki veAmerica (vane makore 18 kusvika 25) vakagamuchira hutano hwepfungwa mugore rimwe chete. (SAMHSA, 2018)
Chikamu chechina chevadzidzi vekoreji vane kusagadzikana kwehutano hwepfungwa senge kushushikana, kushushikana, uye doro rekushandisa kusagadzikana. ( Psychological Services , 2020)
Ruzhinji (93%) rwevadzidzi vanoziva nezve-kambasi masevhisi ane hukama nehutano hwepfungwa. (American Psychological Association, 2018)
Chete 13% yevadzidzi vane dambudziko rehutano hwepfungwa vanoshandisa pa-kambasi zviwanikwa, senge kuraira. (American Psychological Association, 2018)
Vasingasviki chetatu chevachena vachena havagashire hutano hwepfungwa, asi hafu yevachiri kuyaruka havawani rubatsiro runodiwa. (Iyo National Alliance Kufambira Mberi Hutano Hwepfungwa , 2007)
Vanopfuura hafu yevechidiki vakave nechekuita nehurongwa hwehutongi hwevechidiki vanosangana nematanho einenge imwechete chirwere chepfungwa, asi chete 15% yavo vakagamuchira kurapwa. (Hofisi yeVechidiki Ruramisiro uye Delinquency Kudzivirira, 2017)

Mabhuku ekurapa uye ekurapa

Kana iwe uchinge waonekwa uine imwe yeanotevera mamiriro ehutano hwepfungwa, unogona kushandisa aya magwara kunzwisisisa zvirinani nzira dzekurapa dzinowanikwa kwauri uye nekuenzanisa zvinowanzo kupihwa mishonga. Nekudaro, iyo yega inogona kuona kurapa kwakanyanya kwauri iwe mupi wako wezvehutano.

Kufunganya
Kushungurudzika
Kucherekedza-kumanikidza kusagadzikana (OCD)
Schizophrenia
Post-traumatic kusagadzikana kwepfungwa (PTSD)
Bipolar kusagadzikana
Kucherekedza kushomeka kwehutano kusagadzikana (ADHD)

Hutano hwepfungwa zviwanikwa

Kana iwe uri kutarisana nezviratidzo zvehurwere hwepfungwa uye / kana uine pfungwa dzekuzviuraya, rubatsiro rwuripo. Shandisa anotevera mapoka ekutsigira uye ehupenyu kuti uwane rubatsiro rwaunoda.