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OCD nhamba 2021

Nhau

Hazvisi zvisingazivikanwi kuva nemuitiro chaiwo wemangwanani kana tsika yemanheru-chimwe chinhu chaunoita rinenge zuva rega rega. Uye hazvina kujairika kuda kunakidzwa neimba yakatsvinda kana nzvimbo yekushambidzika yakachena. Zvisinei, kana iwe uchinzwa uchinetseka kana chimwe chinhu chisina kuitwa saizvozvo kana kana iwe uchifanira kurwisa zvisina musoro kana zvisingadiwe zvinokurudzira kudzokorora mabasa aya, unogona kuona kuti izvi zviratidzo zveOCD. Kunyangwe OCD yakamboverengerwa mune yepamusoro gumi inoremadza kurwara nemari yakarasika uye yakadzikira hupenyu hwehupenyu uye zvinokanganisa 1 mu 40 vanhu vakuru muUnited States, OCD nhamba haisi nyore kuwana uye zvidzidzo zvakawanda ndezvechinyakare. Isu takanyora ichangoburwa uye inobatsira OCD nhamba kuratidza kukura kwayo muU.S.

Chii chinonzi obsessive-compulsive kusagadzikana?

Kucherekedza-kumanikidza kusagadzikana (OCD) chirwere chisingaperi chekushushikana apo munhu anowana pfungwa dzisinganzwisisike, dzisingadzorike, kana kudzokorodza pfungwa dzinoteverwa nemhinduro yekuzvibata. Kucherechedza kudzokororwa pfungwa, kukurudzira, kana mifananidzo yepfungwa inokonzeresa kushushikana. Kumanikidzirwa kudzokorora maitiro ayo munhu ane OCD anonzwa kuda kuita mukupindura kufunga kwakanyanya.

Izvi zvinotevera zvikamu zvina zveOCD maitiro (anonzi ekumanikidza) uye mienzaniso yeimwe neimwe, zvinoenderana ne Boduryan-Turner menyu , Psy.D, chiremba wezvepfungwa anogara muCalifornia:

Kuita zvekumanikidza sekutarisa, kuwacha mawoko, kukiya, kufambisa zvinhu, kutarisa, kunamata, kana kutsvaga kuenzanisa.
Kutsvaga kusimbiswa kubva kune vadikanwa, kutaipa kutsvaga muGoogle, kana kubvunza Siri.
Kudzivirira zvinokonzeresa sekudyidzana munharaunda, zvinhu, kana kufamba famba nezvinhu.
Kumanikidzwa kwepfungwa sekudzokorora mazwi, kuverenga, kuongorora kwepfungwa,rumation, visualization, kufunga kudzvinyirira, kutapudza (kutsiva kufunga kusingafadzi neinofadza), uye kuongorora kwepfungwa (kuongorora zviito zvekare).

Iko kutenderera kweOCD kunoenderera kuburikidza neanoshanda mamiriro, uko kumanikidzwa kuita kwehunhu mhinduro dzinoderedza kusagadzikana. Kubudirira kwekumanikidzwa ndiko kunosimbisa zvakashata hunhu ihwohwo mukupindura kushushikana, sekureva kwaDr. Boduryan-Turner.

Anotsanangura kuti kuva neOCD kunokanganisa zvikuru hupenyu hwemunhu nekuda kwekufunga kwepfungwa, kushushikana, uye kusava nechokwadi. OCD obsessions inopesana uye inogona kukonzerwa chero nguva. Vamwe vanhu vane OCD vanoona zvakaoma kubuda mumba nekuti tsika mutsika paruzhinji dzinogona kunyadzisa.

Yakawanda sei OCD?

Inenge 2.3% yevagari vane OCD, iri inenge 1 pavanhu vakuru makumi mana uye 1 muvana zana muUS (Kuzvidya Mwoyo uye Kushungurudzika Association of America)
Kuwanda kweOCD mumwedzi gumi nemaviri kwakakwira muvakadzi (1.8%) kupfuura vanhurume (0.5%). (Harvard, 2007)
Imwe ongororo muna 1992 yakawana kuti vangangoita zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvevanhu vane OCD vaive nezviratidzo zvikuru vasati vasvitsa makore makumi maviri nemashanu. (Stanford Medicine)
Mumhuri dzine nhoroondo yeOCD, pane mukana we25% wekuti imwe nhengo yemhuri iri pedyo ichaita zviratidzo. ( American Nhoroondo yeMedical Genetics , 2005)

OCD nhamba nekuomarara:

Hafu yevakuru vane OCD (50.6%) yaive nehurema hwakakomba kubva muna 2001-2003.
Chete chetatu chevakuru vane OCD (34.8%) vaive nehurema hune mwero kubva muna 2001-2003.
Chete 15% yevakuru vane OCD vaive nehurema hushoma kubva muna 2001-2003.

(Harvard Chiremba Chikoro, 2007)

OCD nhamba nezera:

Ivhareji zera rekutanga kweOCD ane makore 19.5 ekuberekwa. ( Molecular Psychiatry, 2008)
Vanhurume vanoumba huwandu hwenhoroondo dzekutanga-kutanga. Anenge kota yevanhurume vane mhirizhonga vasati vava nemakore 10. Vazhinji vakadzi vanoonekwa kuti vane OCD panguva yekuyaruka (mushure mezera regumi). ( Molecular Psychiatry, 2008)
Vanhu vane zera rekutanga rekutanga vane zvakanyanya kuomarara zviratidzo zveOCD uye yakakwira mitengo yeADHD uye bipolar kusagadzikana. ( Psychological Mushonga, 2014)

OCD uye mamiriro ezvinhu ehutano hwepfungwa

Ruzhinji (90%) rwevakuru vaive neOCD pane imwe nguva muhupenyu hwavo vaivewo nechero imwe chirwere chepfungwa. Mamiriro ezvinhu anowanzo nyongana neOCD anosanganisira:

Kushungurudzika kusagadzikana, kusanganisira panic kusagadzikana, phobias, uye PTSD (75.8%)
Matambudziko emafungiro, kusanganisira kushushikana kukuru uye chirwere chebipolar (63.3%)
Kushushikana-kudzora kusagadzikana, kusanganisira ADHD (55.9%)
Matambudziko ekushandisa zvinhu (38.6%)

(Molecular Psychiatry, 2008)

Zvinokonzera OCD

Iko kusanganiswa kwemajini, ezvakatipoteredza, uye neurobiological njodzi zvinhu zvinogona kukonzera OCD.Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti OCD zviratidzo zvakabatana nenzvimbo dzekutaurirana pakati pezvikamu zvehuropi.

Kusagadzikana muzvirongwa zvemaurotransmitter — makemikari akadai seSerotonin, dopamine, glutamate anotumira mameseji pakati pemasero ehuropi - ane chekuita nechirwere ichi, anodaro Dr. Boduryan-Turner. Chinhu chakakosha cheavo vane OCD ndechekuti havana serotonin inowanikwa zviri nyore muzvikamu zvehuropi kuti kutaurirana kwakakosha kuitike.

Nehurombo, kugamuchira kunyatso kuongororwa kweOCD kunotora makore mapfumbamwe paavhareji. Zvinogona kutora mamwe makore gumi nemana kuti uwane rubatsiro rwakakwana. Zvakadaro, nekurapwa kwakakodzera, chete gumi muzana yevanhu vane OCD vanopora zvachose. Nekudaro, 50% inosangana nekuvandudzwa kwezviratidzo zveOCD, sekureva kweRedward Village.

Kurapa OCD

OCD haigone kurapwa, asi inogona kutarisirwa nemushonga uye kurapwa kwepfungwa. Inosarudza serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) senge Prozac uye Lexapro inowanzo kupihwa kune varwere vane OCD. Zvakakosha kutora mishonga iyi zuva rega rega sekurairwa, sezvo zvinogona kutora vhiki gumi kusvika gumi nemaviri kuti uone shanduko muzviratidzo zveOCD. Kunyangwe zvichitora chinguva SSRIs isati yave nemhedzisiro inoonekwa paOCD, iwo mwero wekubudirira kwekurapa zvinodhaka neSSRIs ndeye 40% kusvika 60%. Kamwe kamwe kurega mishonga pasina zvishoma zvishoma taper uye pasina kugona kwehunhu maitiro kuchizokonzeresa kudzokazve muOCD, sekureva kweRecover Village.

Pamusoro pezvo, kuratidzwa uye kupindura kurapa uye nekuziva maitiro ehutano kunogona kubatsira vanhu vane OCD kudzora kushushikana kwavo uye kudzora kwavo kumanikidza

Kuratidzira uye kudzivirira kudzivirira (ERP) ndiyo inonyanya kurapa kurapa OCD, sekureva kwaDr Boduryan-Turner. Iye anotsanangura kuti zano reE ERP nderekudzidzisa huropi maitiro ekupindura nenzira dzakasiyana kune obsessions nekushivirira kushushikana uye kusagadzikana kunouya navo.

Kufungisisa maitiro ekurapa (CBT) uye kufunga ndedzimwe nzira dzinoshanda dzekurapa OCD, sekureva kwaDr. Boduryan-Turner. Kungwarira kunodzidzisa iwe kucherechedza zvaunonzwa nemifungo nenzira ine chinangwa nepo CBT ichikudzidzisa kuona, kunyora, uye kugadzirisa pfungwa dzako.

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