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Kuzvidya mwoyo nhamba 2021

Nhau

Tese isu takambonzwa kunetseka imwe nguva kana imwe, kunyangwe iri pamberi peyedzo huru kana kutaura pamberi pevanhu. Nekudaro, vamwe vanhu vanosangana nekushushikana kupfuura vamwe. Huwandu husingaenzaniswi hwekushushikana dzimwe nguva hunogona kukonzerwa nechakakonzera dambudziko, kazhinji, kusagadzikana kusagadzikana. Muchikamu chino, tichakurukura zviratidzo, zvikonzero, kuwanda, uye kurapwa kune avo vanogadzirisa kushushikana.

Chii chinonzi kufunganya?

Kufunganya ndiko kupindura kwemuviri kunetseka uye kutya. Zvisinei, [kushushikana] hakusi nyore sezvo paine huwandu hwakawanda hwekuti kushungurudzika kwakanyanya kunokanganisa sei vanhu uye kuti kunokanganisa sei hupenyu hwavo, anodaro. Sanam Hafeez , Psy.D, neuropsychologist muNew York City uye nhengo yedare paColumbia University.

Kune huwandu hwe kushungurudzika kwepfungwa izvo zvinokonzeresa kushushikana, kunetseka, uye kushushikana nekuda kwekudyidzana kwevanhu, hutano hwega, basa, kana imwe phobia. Mhando dzekushushikana kwekushushikana dzinosanganisira kuvhunduka kusagadzikana, kwakajairika kusagadzikana kusagadzikana, agoraphobia (kutya kwenzvimbo dzinogona kukonzera kunzwa kwekushushikana), chaicho phobia, kusagadzikana kwekushushikana munharaunda, post-inoshungurudza kusagadzikana kusagadzikana , obsessive-inomanikidza kusagadzikana , uye kupatsanurwa kunetseka kusagadzikana.

Kune vanhu vazhinji vane kushushikana, mamiriro avo anokanganisa kugona kwavo kushanda muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kune avo vane zvakajairika kusagadzikana kusagadzikana, zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira kusagadzikana, kunzwa pa-kumucheto, kuneta, kunetseka kuisa pfungwa, uye mhasuru kushushikana. Matambudziko mazhinji ekuzvidya mwoyo anokonzeresa vanhu kusangana nekuvhunduka, iri nguva yekutya kwakanyanya kunokonzerwa nechinhu kana mamiriro anogona kusvika pakakwirira mukati memaminitsi.

Kushushikana kunokanganisa vanhu munzira dzakasiyana siyana, kazhinji zvinoenderana nemhando yekushushikana, anodaro Jill Stoddard , Ph.D, chiremba wezvepfungwa anogara muSan Diego. Anoti kudzivirirwa kwezvinokonzera kuzvidya mwoyo kunowanzoitika kune ese matambudziko ekuzvidya mwoyo.

Semuenzaniso, vanhu vane dambudziko rekutya vanogona kumira kurovedza muviri kana kuita bonde kuti vadzivise kuwedzera kwezvakaipa zvemuviri zviratidzo. vanhu vane agoraphobia vanogona kunzvenga zvitoro, kuwanda kwevanhu, kutyaira, kana kubhururuka-chero mamiriro ezvinhu apo vangave vane zviratidzo zvekuvhunduka uye vasingakwanise kutiza kana kuwana rubatsiro, anodaro Stoddard.

Chirwere chekuzvidya mwoyo

Chirwere chezvekuzvidya mwoyo kana GAD ndiyo inonyanya kunetseka kusagadzikana. Izvi zvinoonekwa mushure mekunge munhu ave nekufunganya, aine zvishoma zvekumutsamwisa, mazuva mazhinji kwenguva yakareba kwemwedzi mitanhatu. Izvi zvinotanga kukanganisa hupenyu hwemunhu, basa, uye hupenyu hwepamba. Zvinoenderana neNational Institute yeMental Health(NIMH), zviratidzo zveGAD zvinogona kusanganisira:

Kunzwa kusagadzikana kana kuenderera
Kunzwa kuneta kazhinji
Zvakaoma kutarisa
Kushatirwa
Kunzwa kwakanyanya kwekushushikana izvo zvakaoma kudzora
Zvakaoma nekurara

Panic kusagadzikana

Kuvhiringidzika kwekutya kunoratidzwa nekusatarisika uye kudzokorora kwekuvhunduka kurwisa. Vanhu vane kutya kwekutya vanogona kuyedza kunzvenga mamiriro kana kugara vachinetseka pamusoro pekuti rinotevera rekuvhunduka ringaitika riini. Zviratidzo zvekutyisa kurwisa zvinosanganisira:

Kurwadziwa kwemoyo kana kuwedzera kwemoyo
Kudikitira kana kutonhora
Kubvunda, kubvunda
Kufema kwekufema
Sense yekutya
Kunzwa kurasikirwa kwekutonga

Zvinetso zvine chekuita nePhobia

Zvinetso zvine chekuita nephobhiya kutya kana kutya pamusoro pezvimwe zvinhu kana mamiriro ezvinhu. Nepo zvimwe zvezvinhu izvi kana mamiriro ezvinhu angave nechikonzero chekukonzera kutya, kutya kunonzwiwa nemunhu hakuenzane nenjodzi chaiyo yakaunzwa. Kune akasiyana siyana ehukama hwakanangana ne phobia. Zvimwe zvakajairika zvinosanganisira:

Hakananga phobias inokonzeresa kuti munhu ave nekutya kusanzwisisika kana kusanzwisisika kwechimwe chinhu kana mamiriro. Zvimwe zvinowanzoitwa phobias zvinosanganisira kubhururuka, kukwirira, kana madandaude. Zviratidzo zvechirwere ichi zvinowanzo kutanga muhucheche.
Dambudziko rekushushikana munharaunda, raimbozivikanwa sehukama hwehukama, kushushikana kwakanyanya pamusoro pekutongwa kana kurambwa mumagariro. Kazhinji, vanhu vane kusagadzikana kwekushushikana munharaunda vanoona kushushikana kwavo kusinganzwisisike, asi vachiri kunzwa vasina simba mumagariro mamiriro.
Agoraphobia, munhu ane agoraphobia anoda kuve nezviviri kana kupfuura zvezviratidzo zvinotevera zvekuongororwa: kutya kutakurwa neruzhinji, kutya nzvimbo dzakashama kana nzvimbo dzakakomberedzwa, kumira muboka revanhu, kana kuve kunze kwemusha wega. Muzviitiko zvakakomba zveagoraphobia, munhu anogona kudzokerwa kumba.

Kune mamwe maviri matambudziko akajairika ane kushushikana seimwe yeakakosha zviratidzo asi asisiri kusarudzika sekunetseka kwekuzvidya mwoyo muDSM-5. Zvinosanganisira:

Kutarisa-kumanikidza kusagadzikana

Kucherekedza-kumanikidza kusagadzikana kana OCD kusagadzikana uko vanhu vanodzokororazve, vasingadiwe mifungo, mazano, kana kunzwa (obsessions) kana kuda kuita chimwe chinhu kudzokorora (kumanikidza). Vamwe vanhu vane kushushikana uye kumanikidzwa. Mienzaniso yeOCD maitiro anosanganisira:

Kutarisa zvinhu kakawanda kudzikisira kutya kutya kuzvikuvadza. Izvi zvinhu zvinogona kusanganisa zvinhu zvakaita sekukiya, hovhoni, mwenje.
Kudzokorora zita, chirevo, kana hunhu nekuti munhu wacho anotya kuti chimwe chinhu chakaipa chizoitika kana asina kupedziswa.
Kuchenesa kumanikidza kunogona kuitika nekuti kune kutya kusvibiswa kubva kune zvinhu zvakaita sevhu uye hutachiona.
Kuhodha uye kuronga zvinhu nenzira inoenderana kana imwe nzira yekudzora kusagadzikana.
Mifungo inopinza kana zvishuwo zvinogona kugara zvichingoitika zvichikonzera kunzwa kwekushushikana.

Post-inoshungurudza kusagadzikana kusagadzikana

Post-inoshungurudza kusagadzikana kusagadzikana kana PTSD zvinoitika kana munhu achinetseka kupora mushure mechiitiko chinotyisa. Zviratidzo zvinogona kuitika mwedzi kana yakareba mushure mechiitiko ichi. Kune akasiyana zviratidzo zvePTSD, zvimwe zvacho zvinosanganisira:

Ndangariro dzisingadiwe uye dzino dzokororwazve dzinoshungurudza kana mabhureki echiitiko ichi
Zviroto zvehusiku nezve chiitiko ichi
Kudzivisa zvinhu zvine chekuita nechiitiko ichi: vanhu, nzvimbo, kana mamiriro
Kusava netariro nezveramangwana

Kuzvidya mwoyo vs. kushushikana

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti pane musiyano pakati pekushushikana nekushungurudzika. Mupfungwa yakasarudzika, kushushikana manzwiro ekunyanyisa kwekushushikana, uko kushushikana kunyanyisa kunzwa kwekushaya tariro uye kusava nebasa. Zvinogoneka kuti mumwe munhu ave nezvose zviri zviviri kushushikana uye kushushikana panguva imwe chete.

Kuzvidya mwoyo kwakanyanya sei?

Mune ongororo ye2020, 62% yevakabvunzwa vakashumwa vachishushikana. (MumwecheteCare, 2020)
Inofungidzirwa kuti 31% yevakuru vese vanozoona kusagadzikana kusagadzikana pane imwe nguva yehupenyu hwavo. (Kuzvidya Mwoyo uye Kushungurudzika Sangano reAmerica, 2020)
Anofungidzirwa 19.1% yevakuru muAmerica vaive nedambudziko rekushushikana kubva muna 2001-2003. (Harvard Chiremba Chikoro, 2007)
Kushungurudzika kusagadzikana kwakanyanya muvakadzi kupfuura kuvarume muUnited States nepasirese. (NIMH, 2017) (Nyika Yedu muData, 2018)
Maphobbias chaiwo ndiwo anowanzoitika kushungurudzika kwepfungwa, achikanganisa vanhu vanopfuura mamirioni gumi nematanhatu muUS (ADAA, 2020)

Pasi pose nhamba dzekuzvidya mwoyo

Inofungidzirwa kuti vanhu vakuru mazana maviri nemakumi mana nemana pasi rese vane kushushikana. (World Health Organisation, 2017)
Pakati pevakuru ava, 179 mamirioni vaive vakadzi (63%) uye 105 mamirioni vaive varume (37%). (Nyika Yedu muData , 2018)
Kuwanda kwematambudziko epfungwa kwakawedzera ne50% pasirese kubva pamamiriyoni makumi mana nematanhatu kusvika mazana matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu nemashanu pakati pa1990 na2013.Sangano Rinoona nezve Utano Pasi pose, 2016)

Kuzvidya mwoyo nhamba muUnited States

Aya anotevera manhamba akanangana nevakuru muUS.

Kuzvidya mwoyo ndicho chinowanzoitika kusagadzikana kwepfungwa muU.S., chinokanganisa vanhu vakuru makumi mana emamiriyoni. (ADAA, 2020)
Kuwanda kwenzvimbo yehurwere hwepfungwa kunosvikira pane yakadzika kwazvo muFlorida (16.03%) kusvika kune yepamusoro (22.66%) muOregon. (Mental Hutano America, 2017)
Ruzhinji rwevakuru vane kushushikana vane hushoma hushoma (43.5%), 33.7% vane hurema husina mwero, uye 22.8% vane kukanganisika kwakakomba. (NIMH, 2017)
Inenge hafu (47%) yevaongorori vakapindura vanoona kushushikana nguva dzose. (MumwecheteCare, 2020)
Mamiriyoni gumi nematanhatu vakuru vanoona phobias chaiyo, ichiita kuti ive yakajairika kushungurudzika kusagadzikana muAmerica. (ADAA , 2020 )
Mamiriyoni gumi nemashanu vakuru vane kushushikana munharaunda. ( ADAA ,2020)
7.7 mamirioni vakuru vane PTSD. (ADAA , 2020)
6.8 mamirioni vakuru vakaita huwandu hwekunetseka. (ADAA , 2020 )
6 mamirioni vakuru vane dambudziko rekutya. (ADAA , 2020 )

Kuzvidya mwoyo nhamba nebonde

Aya anotevera manhamba akanangana nevanhu vari muUS.

Kushungurudzika kusagadzikana kunowanzoitika kune vakadzi kupfuura kwevanhurume. Kuzvidya mwoyo kunokanganisa 23% yevakadzi vakuru uye 14% yevakuru varume. (NIMH, 2017)
Kuzvidya mwoyo kunowanikwa zvakanyanya muvakadzi vachiri kuyaruka kupfuura vechidiki vechidiki (vane makore gumi nematatu kusvika gumi nemasere). Kubva muna 2001-2004,38% yevakadzi vachiri kuyaruka vaive nedambudziko rekushushikana maringe ne26.1% yevanhurume vechidiki. ( Zvinyorwa zveGeneral Psychiatry, 2005)
Vakadzi vane mikana yakapetwa kaviri yekuve nekuzvidya mwoyo kwakanyanya kupfuura varume. (ADAA , 2020 )
Kuwanda kweOCD kuvakadzi nevarume kwakaenzana, kuchikanganisa vanhu vakuru mamirioni. (ADAA , 2020)

Kuzvidya mwoyo nhamba nezera

Aya anotevera manhamba akanangana nevanhu vari muUS.

Vanenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu (31.9%) yevechiri kuyaruka (makore 13-18) vaive nedambudziko rekushushikana pakati pa2001 na2004. Pakati pevachiri kuyaruka, boka rezera ramakore gumi nemasere kusvika gumi nemasere rakanyanya kubatwa. ( Zvinyorwa zveGeneral Psychiatry , 2005)
Kushushikana kwakazara kwakawanikwa kuchikanganisa zvakapetwa kaviri sevakuru vakuru vane makore makumi maviri nemasere kusvika makumi mana kana vachienzaniswa neboka rezera re50 kana zera (SAMHSA, 2014)
Makore makumi matatu- kusvika makumi mana nemana ekuberekwa ainyanya kukanganiswa nekushushikana kwekushushikana kubva muna 2017 zvichiteverwa ne22.3% yeane 18- kusvika 29-vane makore- uye 20.6% yemakumi mashanu- kusvika makumi mashanu nemapfumbamwe. (NIMH, 2017)
Makore-makumi matanhatu-ekukura uye vakuru ndivo vaive mashoma akanganisa zera reboka sa2017. (NIMH, 2017)

Kuzvidya mwoyo nhamba nenhamba dzedzidzo

Vanhu vekuAmerican vane dzidzo yepamusoro havawanzo kuve nedambudziko rekushushikana. Kuzvidya mwoyo kunokanganisa vanhu vakuru mamirioni 3.9 vane zvishoma pasi pechikoro chepamusoro, mamirioni 3.3 vakapedza chikoro chepamusoro, 2.8 mamirioni neimwe koreji, uye mamirioni matatu vaive nedzidzo yekoreji kana zvimwe. (SAMHSA, 2016)
Imwe yedzidzo yeCanada yakawana kuti padanho rega rega rekuwedzera redzidzo, vanhu vaive ne15% mukana wekuona chiremba wepfungwa. ( Utano Hwehutano , 2007)
Kuzvidya mwoyo ndiko kunetsekana kwakanyanya kwemabasa ekupa mazano kukoreji. Pakati pevadzidzi vekoreji vanowana rubatsiro rwekupa mazano, 41.6% vanoonekwa nekushushikana. (Sangano reYunivhesiti uye Koreji Counselling Center Vatungamiriri, 2012)

Zvokurapa zvinokonzera kushushikana

Kune akasiyana nyaya dzezvekurapa dzinogona kukonzera kushushikana. Zvimwe zvacho zvinosanganisira:

Matambudziko ehutachiona senge hyperthyroidism kana hypothyroidism
Chirwere chemoyo
Chirwere cheshuga
Chikamu chemhedzisiro kubva kumushonga
Kushaikwa kweokisijeni kana kusagadzikana kwekufema kusanganisira chisingaperi obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, kana asthma
Kushandisa zvisiri pamutemo zvinodhaka kana kubvisa kubva kumishonga / doro
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Njodzi zvinhu zvekushushikana

Hupenyu uye zvakatipoteredza zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yekuzvidya mwoyo. Zvinogona kusanganisira:

Kuwedzera kunetseka , iyo inogona kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana. Zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nehutano, kutadza kurara, kana mamiriro ehupenyu senge basa, chikoro, matambudziko emari, nyaya dzehukama, kana kufa kwemudiwa. Mukati SingleCare's 2020 yekufungisisa kuongorora , vangangoita hafu (48%) yevanotora ongororo vakataura kuti kushushikana kumba ndiko kwakakonzera kushushikana kwavo. Imwe 30% yakashumwa kushushikana kwepabasa kwakakonzera kushushikana.
Vana nevakuru kusangana zviitiko zvinoshungurudza vari panjodzi yakakwira yekuva nehutano hwekuzvidya mwoyo.
Kuzvitarisira pasi , kunyanya muvechidiki , inogona kuratidza kushushikana.
Genetics tamba chinhu, futi. Imwe fundo yakawanikwa kune mwero majini njodzi yekuzvidya mwoyo ine heritability ye30%.
Kurwara kukuru kwekushungurudzika uye kumwe kusagadzikana kwehutano hwepfungwa kazhinji zvinowanzoitika-pamwe nekuzvidya mwoyo.
Kushandisa zvinodhaka, kusanganisira kushandisa zvinodhaka kana doro, zvinogona kuwedzera kana kuwedzera kushungurudzika.

Kurapa kusagadzikana

Kushushikana kusagadzikana kunorapika zvakanyanya, asi chete 36.9% yeavo vanotambura vanowana kurapwa, anodaro Dr. Hafeez. Pane nzira nhatu huru dzekurapa kusagadzikana.

Kurapa

Therapy, dzimwe nguva inozivikanwa senge psychotherapy kana kuraira, inogona kuuya nenzira dzakasiyana. Inogona kunge iri yega kana yeboka-rakavakirwa uye inogona kupihwa online, pamusoro-pafoni, kana uri munhu.

Imwe yedzakanakisa nzira yekurapa yekushushikana ndeyekuziva kwehunhu hwekurapa (CBT). Izvi zvinobatsira varwere kuti vanzwisise mifungo nemanzwiro anokanganisa maitiro, anotsanangura Dr. Hafeez.

CBT inotora avhareji yemasvondo gumi nemaviri kusvika gumi nematanhatu. Murwere anodzidza hunyanzvi hunogona kubatsira mukugadzirisa kushushikana kana zvikaramba zvichishandiswa.

Mishonga

Mishonga ndeimwe nzira yekubatsira kubvisa kunetseka zviratidzo. Kazhinji murwere anoshandisa mishonga uye kurapa pamwechete kurapa. Kune zvikamu zvina zvakakosha zvemishonga zvinogona kupihwa nemubatsiri wezvehutano kuti abate kunetseka.

Kusarudza serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) : Iyi mishonga, yakadai se Zoloft , kuwedzera mazinga eserotonin muuropi, ayo anogona kubatsira kuvandudza manzwiro.
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) : Iyi mishonga, yakadai se venlafaxine , kuwedzera serotonin uye norepinephrine mazinga muuropi.
Benzodiazepines : Iyi mishonga, senge diazepam , bata zviratidzo zvepanyama zvekushushikana nekudzora kusagadzikana uye kukurudzira kutandara. Kazhinji chete inoshandiswa mune pfupi-yenguva manejimendi manejimendi.
Tricyclic antidepressants:Iyi mishonga, kusanganisira amitriptyline , batsira kubata mamiriro uye zviratidzo zvemuviri. Nekudaro, ivo vane zvimwe zvakakomba mhedzisiro.

Mishonga inobatanidza uye inoshandiswa (CAM)

CAM ndiwo marapirwo ayo asingawanzo kutorwa sechikamu chemushonga wakajairika, zvisinei, vanga vari yakawanikwa ichibatsira mukuderedza zvimwe zviratidzo zvekushushikana. Aya ndiwo marapirwo anogona kushandiswa pamwe chete nemushonga nemishonga. CAM inosanganisira:

Kugadzirira
Kufungisisa
Exercise (kunyanya yoga)
Maitiro ekuzorora
Kugadzirisa chikafu nekudzora kunwa kweshuga, doro, uye caffeine.

Kutsigira kwekuzvidya mwoyo uye kuzviuraya

Kuzviuraya ndiyo yegumi inotungamira chikonzero cherufu muU.S., sekureva kwe American Foundation yekuzviuraya Kudzivirira . Mu2017, 47,173 vekuAmerica vakafa nekuzviuraya, uye paive nekufungidzirwa kuzviuraya mamirioni 1.4. Hukama pakati pekushushikana nekuzviuraya wakadzidzwa kwemakore, asi mhedzisiro inoita senge isinganzwisisike. Imwe fundo inoratidza kuti kusagadzikana kwekushushikana kune huwandu hwakakosha asi husina kusimba fungidziro dzekuzviuraya uye kuyedza. Imwe vakawana kuti panic kusagadzikana uye PTSD zvine hukama zvakanyanya nekuedza kuzviuraya. Zvisinei nehukama hwayo hazvo, chero munhu arikutsvaga rutsigiro anogona kufona iyo yekudzivirira kuzviuraya nhare pa1-800-273-8255 kana kutsvaga zviwanikwa pa Webhusaiti yeADAA .

Mibvunzo yekuzvidya mwoyo nemhinduro

Ipi muzana yenyika ine kushushikana?

Muna 2012, 7.3% yevanhu vari munyika vaive nedambudziko rekushushikana, sekutaura kwakarongeka kwakaburitswa mumagazini Psychological Mushonga . Iyo Sangano Rinoona nezve Utano Pasi pose zvakare inotsigira iyi nhamba, sezvo ichiti 1 mu13 vanhu vane kushushikana.

Ndeapi madzinza kana dzinza zvinonyanya kutarisana nematambudziko ekuzvidya mwoyo?

Kushushikana kusagadzikana kwakawanikwa kuchinyanya kuwanda mukati Euro / Anglo tsika , inoteverwa netsika dzeIbero / Latin, kozoti tsika dzekuchamhembe kweAfrica neMiddle East.

Vangani vanhu vane kushushikana muU.S.?

Kuzvidya mwoyo ndicho chinowanzoitika kusagadzikana kwepfungwa, chinokanganisa vanhu vakuru makumi mana emamiriyoni muhuwandu hweU.S., sekureva kwe ADAA .

Ndiani anonyanya kukanganiswa nekuzvidya mwoyo?

Vakadzi vari zvingangoita kukanganiswa nekushushikana kupfuura varume. Mune kumwe kusagadzikana, kwakadai sekushushikana kwakazara, vakadzi vari zvakapetwa kaviri kuva nazvo sevarume.

Kushungurudzika kunonyanya kukanganisa zera ripi?

Boka rezera rinonyanya kukanganiswa nekushushikana ndeavo vanobva Makore makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana nemana ekuberekwa .

Ipi muzana yevadzidzi vane kushushikana?

Pakati pevadzidzi vanowana rubatsiro rwekupa mazano, 41.6% inoonekwa yekurapa kushungurudzika.

Nei kushushikana kwazara nhasi?

Iko hakuna mhinduro imwe yekuti nei kushushikana kwanyanya kuwanikwa izvozvi. Zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekuderera kweiyo kushorwa zvakakomberedza hutano hwepfungwa, kusarara zvakanaka kana tsika dzekudya, kana kunyangwe iyo kuwedzera kwesocial media shandisa kuisa kusagadzikana kwekuzvidya mwoyo kuri kuwedzera.