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Autism nhamba 2021

Nhau

Vana vanoona zvichinetsa kubata hurukuro, kutarisana nemaziso, kana kunzwira tsitsi vamwe vanogona kukwana pane imwe nzvimbo pane autism spectrum. Vanogona kunge vaine hunhu hwekumanikidza kana kudzokorora kufamba. Kunyangwe ivo vachigona kutorwa nezvinhu zvishoma zvezvinhu, vanogona kunge vari kumashure pamutauro wavo kana hunyanzvi hwekudzidza. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) inokanganisa 1 muvana makumi mashanu nevana muUnited States, uye zviratidzo zvinotaridzika zvakati siyanei kubva kumunhu kumunhu. Iko hakuna kurapwa kweatism, uye ihwo hupenyu hwese mamiriro, asi an kutanga kuongororwa inogona kuvandudza hupenyu hwevanhu vane autism pamwe nebasa ravo nehukama.

Chii chinonzi autism?

Autism ndeye kukura kusagadzikana izvo zvinokanganisa kutaurirana uye maitiro. Zvinotendwa kuti zvinokonzerwa ne zvakatipoteredza nemajini zvinhu . Avo vane autism vanoona kudyidzana munharaunda kwakaoma pamwe nekudzokorora maitiro uye zvakatarisana nezvido. Autism zvakare iri spectrum kusagadzikana, zvichireva kuomarara uye huwandu hwezviratidzo zvakasiyana kubva kumunhu kumunhu.

Pazasi pane zviratidziro zvishoma zve autism, maererano neDiagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders-V.

Kwete kubhabhatidza kana kunongedzera nezera 1
Hapana mazwi rimwe chete nezera remwedzi gumi nematanhatu kana maviri-mazwi mitsara nezera rechipiri
Kukanganisika kugona kuita hushamwari nevezera rako
Kukanganisika kugona kutanga kana kuchengetedza hurukuro nevamwe
Kudzokorora kana kushamisa mutauro
Zvisinganzwisisike zvakanyanya kana kutarisisa kufarira
Kubatikana nezvimwe zvinhu kana zvidzidzo
Kusingachinjiki kutevedzera kune chaiwo maitiro kana tsika

ASD inogona kufungidzirwa sechimwe chinhu chinokanganisa mutauro uye pfungwa dzepfungwa, anodaro Merriam Saunders , LMFT, chiremba wezvepfungwa anogara muCalifornia. Kune vamwe, mutauro unokanganisa zvinoreva kuti havasi vezwi kana vane mashoma mutauro mutauro. Idzi ndidzo dzinowanzoitika nyaya [dzakaipisisa]. Dzidziso yepfungwa ishoko rinoshamisira kugona kwemunhu kunzwisisa kuti izvo zviri mumusoro mangu hazvireve kuti zviri mumusoro mako, futi. Dzimwe nguva nekuda kwekunetseka uku vanhu vane ASD vanonetseka kunzwisisa [izvo] kuti mumwe munhu angangoda kutaura nezvazvo kana kunzwa kwenguva refu nezvechinhu chavanonyanya kufarira.

Saunders anotsanangura zvakare kuti zvimwe zviratidzo, senge nyaya dzekunzwa (kunetsekana neruzha, kuravira, kubata, mwenje), zvinogona kubva pane zvakanyanya kusvika pakunyoro.

Akawanda sei autism?

1 mu 160 vana pasirese ane Autism spectrum kusagadzikana. ( Autism Tsvagiridzo , 2012)
Vanenge 1 mu54 vana veUS vane autism kuongororwa. (Nzvimbo dzeDziviriro Kudzora nekudzivirira, 2020)
Autism yaive yakapararira munenge 2% yevana vane makore masere-gore muna 2016. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020)
Autism yaive yakapetwa kana zvakapetwa pakati pevakomana kupfuura vasikana kubva muna 2016 muU.S. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020)

Autism nhamba nezera

Nhasi, kuongororwa kwe autism kunowanzoitika muhudiki, izvo zvinogona kuve chikonzero nei autism mwero muvana yakakwira kupfuura iya yevakuru. Nekudaro, nekuti iyo dudziro ye autism spectrum kusagadzikana ine zvakanyanya shanduka , vechidiki vazhinji nevakuru vanogona kunge vachirarama neASD isina kuongororwa.

Pakati peavo vana vane autism, 44% vakaongororwa nezera 3. (Nzvimbo dzeDziviriro Kudzora nekudzivirira, 2020)
Vana vane kiriniki kuongororwa kweatism vane zera repakati rekuongororwa kwemakore mana nemwedzi mitatu. (Nzvimbo dzeDziviriro Kudzora nekudzivirira, 2020)
Kuwanda kwekufungidzira kweatism muvanhu vakuru vakazvarwa pakati pa1980 na2012 vanofungidzirwa kudarika 2.8% nekuda kwenzira nyowani yekuongorora. Izvo zvinenge zvitatu kubva pavanhu vakuru zana muU.S. mune ramangwana zvinogona kutakura kuongororwa kunoenderana neiyi nzira nyowani. (Vhura Mifungo, 2018)

Autism nhamba nerudzi uye dzinza

Mapoka mashoma anoonekwa aine autism mumashure uye zvishoma kazhinji.

Iko kuongororwa kwe autism spectrum kusagadzikana kwakanyanya kune vasiri veSpanish vana vachena (18.5 pa1,000).
Autism nhamba ndiyo yakaderera pakati pevana veSpanish (15.4 pa1,000).
Autism kuwanda kwehuwandu muvane makore masere ekuberekwa yakawedzera ne10% pakati pa2014 na2016, uye ivo vakawedzera ne175% pakati pa2000 na2016.

(Nzvimbo dzeDziviriro Kudzora nekudzivirira, 2020)

Kushanda kwekuziva pakati pevana vane autism

Autism haisi kuremara pakudzidza, asi inogona kukanganisa mashandiro ekuziva. Vamwe vana pane iyo autism spectrum vane kunonoka mukutaura kana kudzidza, nepo vamwe vasingadaro. Nemhaka yekuti iri dambudziko rekuratidzira, kunonoka uku kunogona kubva pane zvinyoro kusvika kune zvakanyanya.

Chete chetatu chevana vane autism vakasarudzwa sevakaremara njere (IQ yakaenzana kana pasi pe makumi manomwe).
7% vamwe vasikana kupfuura vakomana vakaonekwa kuve nehurema hwepfungwa ne autism (39% maringe ne32%).
24% yevana vane autism vaive neIQ mune yemuganhu renji (IQ 71-85).
Vatema (47%) uye vana veSpanish (36%) vaive nemikana yakawanda kudarika vana vachena (27%) kuve nehurema hwepfungwa ne autism.

(Nzvimbo dzeDziviriro Kudzora nekudzivirira, 2020)

Autism uye mamiriro anoitika pamwe

Iko hakuna mushonga kana mushonga we autism spectrum kusagadzikana. Maitiro ekurapa ndiyo inonyanya kushanda kurapwa kweavism. Nekudaro, iyo yakawanda (95%) yevana vane autism vane imwechete mamiriro ezvinhu ari kuitika, ayo anowanzo kurapwa.

Vanopfuura hafu (53%) vane autism uye kucherechedzwa kushomeka kwehunhu kusagadzikana.
Vanopfuura hafu (51%) vane autism uye kushushikana.
Chikamu chechina (25%) vane autism uye kushushikana.
Vanosvika makumi matanhatu kubva muzana yevana vane autism vanozove nemamiriro maviri enyonganiso (semuenzaniso, matambudziko ekurara, kubatwa, hurema hwepfungwa, kana matambudziko emudumbu).

(Vhura Mifungo, 2018)

Mutengo we autism

Kuchengetedza, kurapa, uye kuyananisa kwemamiriro ezvinhu ari kuitika anowana mutengo wakakwira kumaAmerican ane autism.

Autism inodhura madhora zviuru makumi matanhatu pagore paavhareji kuburikidza nehucheche nekuda kwenzvimbo dzakakosha dzedzidzo, mari yehutano, uye mubhadharo wevabereki wakarasika.
Mariro inowedzera muvanhu vane autism uye hurema hwepfungwa.
Amai ndivo vanowanzo kuve muchengeti wekutanga wemwana ane autism. Paavhareji, vanaamai veASD vanowana 35% iri pasi pane amai vevana vane mamwe mamiriro ehutano uye 56% pasi pevamai vevana vasina hurema kana kusagadzikana.
Mari yekutarisira vanhu vane autism inofungidzirwa kusvika kumadhora mazana mana nemakumi mana ane mazana masere nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri muU.S.

(Autism Inotaura, 2018)

Autism idenda here?

Usati wakurukura kuti nhamba idzi dzinoratidza denda here, zvakafanira kuti unzwisise sei huwandu hwehutachiona hwakawedzera. Denda ipiki pachiyero chezviitiko zvitsva. Zvisinei, hazvizivikanwe kana kuwanda kweatism kwakawedzera chaizvo kana kuri kungo wedzera kwekuongororwa.

Chris Abildgaard , LPC, munyori we Autism Kurera Magazini inotsanangura kuti pane kuwedzera kwezviitiko zvakaonekwa zvehutachiona nekuda kwe, kuwedzera dudziro kubva ku autism kuenda ku autism spectrum disorder (ASD); kuwedzera ruzivo rwechirwere nenyanzvi, izvo zvinotungamira mukuwedzera kuri nani uye kwekutanga kuongororwa; kunyatsoenderana neCDC's Autism uye Developmental Disability Monitoring (ADDM) Network munzira inoshandiswa kuratidza kesi; (uye) kuwedzera chaiko muhuwandu hwevana vanozvarwa vaine chirwere.