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Kudya kwematambudziko manhamba 2021

Nhau

Wese munhu ane hukama hwakasiyana nechikafu. Kune vamwe, ndiko kunopa nyaradzo, kugutsa, kana kutsigira. Vamwe vanogona kuve neyakaipa uye inotokuvadza kusangana nechikafu. Kudya kusagadzikana idambudziko rakakomba rehutano hwepfungwa, zvichiratidza hukama husina hutano hwemunhu nechikafu. Chikonzero chekushushikana pakudya chinosanganisira mhedzisiro yeimwe chirwere chepfungwa, genetics, midhiya, kusagadzikana muviri, uye kushungurudzika.

Ndezvipi zvinetso zvekudya?

Dambudziko rekudya zvirwere zvinokanganisa hukama hwemunhu nechikafu nemufananidzo wemuviri. Vanhu vane dambudziko rekudya vane pfungwa dzakanyanyisa dzechikafu, huremu hwemuviri kana chimiro, uye maitiro ekudzora kudya kwavo. Mhando dzezvinetso zvekudya zvinosanganisira:

Anorexia nervosa , iyo inozivikanwa nekudzikisa uremu kana kugadzirisa nekudya zvakanyanya, nzara, kana kuwandisa muviri.
Kudhakwa kudya , iyozvinoreva kugara uchidya chikafu chisina kujairika chakakura kamwechete.
Bulimia nervosa , nezviratidzo zvinosanganisira kuchenesa, kutora laxatives, kurovedza muviri, kana kutsanya kudzivirira kurema kuwedzera mushure mekudya zvakanyanya.

Mumwe anogona kuona izvi sekunetseka kwepfungwa, kushushikana, kana kuve nemusanganiswa wekushushikana uye kushushikana, anodaro Anna Hindell , LCSW-R, chiremba wezvepfungwa anogara muNew York. Kutendeukira kuzvidzora uye kudzora kudya kwechikafu kana kupindwa muropa nekubheja uye kuchenesa ndikonguva dzose chiratidzo kana mhedzisiro yemanzwiro epasi ayo munhu anogara nawo. Kazhinji kazhinji kusagadziriswa kusinganzwisisike kwakabatana nekuzvidzikisira, kushaya kukosha, kana kudzvinyirira kushungurudzika . Vanhu vanotendeukira kuyedzo yekudzora kudya kwechikafu kana kudya manzwiro avo pane kubata nedambudziko riri pasi, kana risina kurapwa.

Matambudziko ekudya akajairika zvakadii?

Vanenge mamirioni makumi matatu emaAmerican vanogara nedambudziko rekudya. (National Association yeAnorexia Nervosa uye Yakabatana Matambudziko)
Dambudziko rekudya ndiyo yechitatu inonyanya kurwara chirwere pakati pevachiri kuyaruka vakadzi muUnited States. ( International Zvinyorwa zvevechidiki Mishonga uye Hutano , 2007)
Mamirioni gumi evarume muU.S. vachatambura nedambudziko rekudya muhupenyu hwavo. (National Eating Dambudziko Association)
Kuwanda kwehupenyu hwekushushikana pakudya kwakanyanya pakati pevaya vane dambudziko rekudya zvakanyanya (5.5% kana ichienzaniswa ne2% yebulimia uye 1.2% yeanorexia). ( Biological Psychiatry , 2007)

Kudya kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwepasi rose

Kudyidzana kwepasi rose kusagadzikana kuwanda kwakawedzera kubva pa3.4% kusvika pa7.8% pakati pa2000 na2018. ( Iyo American Journal yeKiriniki Kudya , 2019)
70 mamirioni vanhu pasi rose vanorarama nedambudziko rekudya. (National Eating Dambudziko Association)
Japan ine hukuru hwepamusoro hwekusagadzikana kwekudya muAsia, ichiteverwa neHong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, neSouth Korea. (International Zvinyorwa zveKudya Kudya, 2015)
Ositiriya yaive nemutengo wepamusoro wekupararira muEurope pa1.55% kubva muna2012. (Psychology Nhasi, 2013)
Vanenge hafu yevaAmerican vese vanoziva mumwe munhu ane dambudziko rekudya. (South Carolina Dhipatimendi reMental Health)

Kudya kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwepabonde

Dambudziko rekudya raive rakapararira pakati pevakadzi vechidiki (3.8%) kupfuura varume (1.5%) muU.S. kusvika 2001-2004. ( Zvinyorwa zveAmerican Academy yeMwana uye Adolescent Psychiatry , 2010)
Chikamu chechina cheavo vane anorexia varume. Varume vane njodzi yakawedzera yekufa nekuti vanoonekwa kunonoka kupfuura vakadzi. Izvi zvinogona kuve chikamu nekuda kwekusaziva kuti varume havawani dambudziko rekudya. (Kudya Kunetseka Resource Catalog, 2014)

Kudya kusagadzikana manhamba nezera

Pasi rose, 13% yevakadzi vakura kupfuura makumi mashanu vanoona kusagadzikana maitiro ekudya. ( Yepasi Pose Zvinyorwa zveKudya Kudya , 2012)
Iyo yepakati zera rekudya kusagadzikana kutanga yaive 21 makore ekuzvarwa binge kudya kusagadzikana uye 18 makore ekuberekwa kweanorexia uye bulimia nervosa. ( Zvinyorwa zveAmerican Academy yeMwana uye Adolescent Psychiatry , 2010)
Kuwanda kwehupenyu hwekunetseka kwekudya muUS kwaive 2.7% pakati pevechiri kuyaruka kubva muna 2001-2004. ( Zvinyorwa zveAmerican Academy yeMwana uye Adolescent Psychiatry , 2010)
Pakati pevachiri kuyaruka vane dambudziko rekudya, iro 17- kune 18-gore-zera boka rezera rakange riine huwandu hwakanyanya (3%). ( Zvinyorwa zveAmerican Academy yeMwana uye Adolescent Psychiatry , 2010)

Vatsvaguriri vakatevera boka revasikana vechidiki makumi mana nevapfumbamwe makumi matanhatu nevatanhatu muguta reUS mukati memakore masere uye vakaona kuti panosvika makore makumi maviri:

Vanopfuura 5% yevasikana vakasangana nematanho eanorexia, bulimia, kana binge kudya kusagadzikana.
Vanopfuura gumi nevatanhatu kubva muzana evasikana vacho vakasangana nedambudziko rekudya kana paisanganisira zvisina kunyatsojeka zviratidzo zvehurwere.

(Zvinyorwa zveAbnormal Psychology , 2010)

Binge kudya kusagadzikana manhamba

Binge kudya kusagadzikana kunozivikanwa nezvakawanda zvikamu zvekudya zvisingaenzaniswi hukuru hwechikafu munguva pfupi. Munhu ane binge kudya kusagadzikana kazhinji anonzwa kunwa binge ari kunze kwekutonga kwake uye anogona kunzwa kunyara nekuda kwayo.

Binge kudya kusagadzikana ndiyo yakajairika kudya kusagadzikana muU.S. (National Eating Disorders Association)
Vanenge vangangoita 3% yevakuru vanoona kurwisa kudya kusagadzikana muhupenyu hwavo. ( Biological Psychiatry , 2007)
Vakadzi veAmerica (3.5%) nevarume (2%) vanowana chinwiwa chekudya panguva yekurarama kwavo, zvichiita kuti chirwere chebinge chekudya chinwiwe zvakapetwa katatu kupfuura anorexia uye bulimia zvakasanganiswa. ( Biological Psychiatry , 2007)
Asingasviki hafu (43.6%) yevanhu vane dambudziko rekudya vanowana kurapwa. ( Osteopathic Mhuri Chiremba , 2013)

Iko kukanganisa kwekushushikana kwekudya

Anenge munhu mumwe anofa awa yega yega semhedzisiro yakanangana nedambudziko rekudya. (Kudya Kunetseka Kubatana, 2016)
Dambudziko rekudya rine mwero wepamusoro wekufa kwechero chirwere chepfungwa. (Smink, F. E., van Hoeken, D., & Hoek, H. W., 2012)
Anorexia ndicho chirwere chepfungwa chinonyanya kuuraya. Imwe ongororo yakawana kuti vanhu vane anorexia vane mikana yekuzviuraya ka56 pane vanhu vasina dambudziko rekudya. (Kudya Kunetseka Kubatana, 2016)
Kusvikira hafu yevanhu vane chirwere chekudya vakashandisa zvisina kufanira doro kana zvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo pamwero wakapetwa kashanu kupfuura huwandu hwevanhu. (National Center pamusoro peKupindwa muropa nekushandisa zvinodhaka, 2003)
Ruzhinji (97%) rwevanhu vari muchipatara nekuda kwechirwere chekudya vane hutano hwakabatana. Matambudziko emafungiro, sekushungurudzika kukuru, ndiwo mamiriro ekutanga anoteverwa nekushushikana kwekushushikana, senge obsessive-inomanikidza kusagadzikana, yekupedzisira-inoshungurudza kusagadzikana kusagadzikana, uye kushandisa zvinodhaka kusagadzikana ( Kusagadzikana Kudya: Iyo Rondedzero yekurapa nekudzivirira, 2014)
Vane chirwere cheshuga vane chirwere chekudya, vanonetseka nekudzora chirwere chavo cheshuga, chinovaisa pamatambudziko eshuga senge chirwere chemoyo, sitiroko, neuropathy, kurasikirwa kwemaonero, uye chirwere cheitsvo.

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Kurapa kusagadzikana kwekudya

Nekuda kwekukanganisa kwekudya mumuviri nepfungwa, nzira dzekurapa dzinowanzo sanganisira kuraira kwepfungwa uye kwehutano nekuongorora, zvinoenderana ne Sangano reNational Eating Disorders Association .

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa kwekusagadzikana kwekudya, Hindell anodaro. Kune zvirongwa zvekugara, zvirongwa zvemuzvipatara, zvirongwa zvekurapa masikati. Kune ruzhinji rwevanhu vane kusagadzikana kwekudya, uye vanhu vandinoona vakanyanya kushanda vanhu, kazhinji vane mhando dzakakwana, vanoita zvakanaka nekusanganiswa kwepfungwa, zvikamu neanodya, uye dzimwe nguva, psychopharmacology.

Nekurapa kusagadzikana kurapwa, 60% yevarwere vanoita kupora kuzere. Nekudaro, mumwe chete muvanhu gumi vane dambudziko rekudya ndivo vachatsvaga uye vagamuchire kurapwa.