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ADHD nhamba 2021

ADHD nhamba 2021Nhau

Chii chinonzi ADHD? | ADHD yakajairika sei? | Mwana ADHD nhamba | Vechidiki ADHD nhamba | Nhamba dzevakuru dzeADHD | ADHD mukirasi | ADHD kurapwa | Kutsvakurudza





Mwana asina zororo, anotsauswa zviri nyore anowanzoitika kwete, kunyanya pazera rezera rechikoro. Zvisinei, kana zviito izvi zvikavhiringidza basa rake rechikoro uye zvichikonzera kugara uchirangwa, vabereki vanogona kushamisika kana paine zvimwe kune hunhu uhwu pane vana kungova vana. Kucherechedzwa kwekushomeka kwehutano kusagadzikana (ADHD) ndechimwe chezvinyanya kuzivikanwa neurodevelopmental kusagadzikana pakati pevana muU.S., sekutsigirwa nenhamba dzeADHD mugwara redu pazasi. Neraki, kune akawanda mishonga uye mhando dzekuzvibata kurapa kubatsira vana nevakuru vane ADHD.



RELATED: Mwana wako ari kuongororwa zvisirizvo neADHD?

Chii chinonzi ADHD?

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) chirwere chinowanzoonekwa ne inoenderera maitiro yekusa tarisira uye / kana kusagadzikana-kusagadzikana izvo zvinokanganisa kushanda kana kusimudzira. Maitiro, kana zviratidzo, zveADHD zvinosanganisira kusatarisira kusarongeka, kusagadzikana, uye kusagadzikana. Vazhinji vanoonekwa kuti vane ADHD sevana, sezvo zviratidzo zvinova zvine mukurumbira mukutanga kukura uye basa redzidzo. Zviratidzo zveADHD zvinogona kuenderera mukukura uye kukanganisa hukama hwemunhu pamwe nekudzidza uye kuita kwebasa.

ADHD chirwere chetsinga, kunyangwe hazvo chikonzero chisati chagadziriswa, anodaro Gabriel Villarreal , LPC, chipangamazano kuADHD Counselling muRoanoke Valley muVirginia. Zvatinoziva ndezvekuti zvinoitika kana iyo yekumberi kortex kukura ichisara kumashure kweakasara europi.



Yekutanga isu tinogona kuongorora mutsauko uyu makore matatu, Villarreal anodaro. Zvisinei, [vanhu vane ADHD] vanewo kushaikwa kana kuti kwete sezviri nyore kuburitsa mishonga yemaurochemochemical muuropi, kunyanya dopamine uye norepinephrine. Iyo yekutanga ine basa rekutarisa, kutyaira, uye kukurudzira. Iyo yekupedzisira, ine basa rekugadzira kudzikama, ndizvo zvine chikamu zvine chekuita neiyo [hyperactivity].

ADHD yakajairika sei?

  • Ongororo dzepasirese dzakaratidza kuti kuwanda kweADHD kwakakwira munyika dzakakwira mari. ( ADHD Kucherechedzwa Kukanganiswa uye Hyperactivity Dambudziko, 2017)
  • Kuwanda kweU.S. kwehupenyu hweADHD pakati pevana kuri kukwira pamwe neazvino fungidziro pa11%. (National Institute yeMental Health, 2017)
  • Inofungidzirwa 6.1 mamirioni evana veAmerica vane makore 2-17 ane makore akange ambowana kuongororwa kweADHD, inomiririra 9.4% yeiri zera-boka nyika yese kubva muna 2016. (Zvinyorwa zveKiriniki Yemwana uye Wevechidiki Psychology , 2018)
  • Vakomana vane mukana wakapetwa kaviri kupfuura vasikana vakamboonekwa vane ADHD. ( Zvinyorwa zveKiriniki Yemwana uye Wevechidiki Psychology , 2018)
  • Kuwanda kwepasirese kwevakuru ADHD kunofungidzirwa ku2.5%. (Royal Koreji yePsychiatrists, 2009)
  • Hupenyu hweUS hwakawanda hweADHD muvanhu vakuru vane makore gumi nemasere kusvika makumi mana nemana ekuberekwa inofungidzirwa kuve 8.1%, nehuwandu hwazvino hunofungidzirwa kuve 4.4%. (National Institute yeMental Health, 2017)

ADHD nhamba muvana

  • Iyo muzana yevana yakamboonekwa iine ADHD inowedzera nezera. Ongororo inoratidza 2.4% (388,000) yevana vane makore maviri kusvika pamashanu emakore, uye 9.6% (2.4 miriyoni) yevana vane makore matanhatu kusvika pamakore gumi nerimwe ekuberekwa vakaonekwa vaine ADHD.
  • Iyo yepakati zera yekuongororwa kweakakomba ADHD ane makore mana ekuberekwa.
  • Iyo yepakati zera yekuongororwa kweane mwero ADHD ane makore matanhatu ekuberekwa.
  • Iyo yepakati zera yekuongororwa kweane nyoro ADHD ane makore manomwe ekuberekwa.

( Zvinyorwa zveAmerican Academy yeMwana uye Adolescent Psychiatry, 2014 & 2018)

ADHD nhamba muvechiri kuyaruka

Aya anotevera manhamba anomiririra huwandu hunofungidzirwa hwe vachiri kuyaruka vane ADHD pazera reboka:



  • Makore 13 kusvika 14: 8.8%
  • Makore 15 kusvika 16: 8.6%
  • Makore 17 kusvika 18: 9%
  • Pamatambudziko ese ekuyaruka eADHD, 4.2% yakaratidza kukanganisika kwakanyanya. Maitiro ekuremara aive akavakirwa pachirongwa chechina cheDiagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders (DSM-IV).

( Zvinyorwa zveAmerican Academy yeMwana uye Adolescent Psychiatry, 2010)

ADHD nhamba muvakuru

Kuwanda kweADHD pakati pevakuru kwaive 4.4% muUS kubva muna 2001-2003, sekureva kweHarvard Medical School. Zvisinei, chiyero che ADHD muvakuru inogona kushumwa se 85% yevana vane ADHD vanogona kunge vaine kusagadzikana sevanhu vakuru. Zvirongwa zvekuziva zveADHD zvakatanga kugadzirirwa vana, uye nekudaro, kuongororwa kweADHD pakati pevakuru kuri kukura nekukurumidza nekukurumidza kupfuura kuongororwa kweADHD pakati pevana muAmerica ( JAMA Psychiatry, 2019) . Aya anotevera manhamba anomiririra inozivikanwa inofungidzirwa muzana yevakuru vane ADHD pazera reboka:

  • Makore 18 kusvika 24: 4.5%
  • Makore 25 kusvika 34: 3.8%
  • Makore 35 kusvika 44: 4.6%

(Harvard Chiremba Chikoro, 2007)



Kutsvagurudza kunoratidza kuti ruzhinji rwevechidiki vane ADHD vanozovewo neADHD sevanhu vakuru, anodaro Nekeshia Hammond , Psy.D, chiremba wezvepfungwa kuHammond Psychology uye Associates muFlorida. Chinhu chakakomba kune vechidiki kuita kudzidzira kwavo ADHD zviratidzo, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro yavo yevakuru. Anecdotally, vamwe vanhu vakuru vakatsanangura kusangana nekuremara kwakanyanya mukushanda nekuti ivo vakadzidza zvinokonzeresa uye nzira dzekutsungirira kwavo ADHD zviratidzo.

Vamwe vanhu vakuru vakamboonekwa kuti vane ADHD vakadzidza kubata nezviratidzo zvavo mushe uye havasvike padanho reADHD gare gare muhupenyu hwavo. Ivo havangango sangana ne 'zvizere zviyero' zveADHD (vanogona kunge vachine zvimwe zvekucherechedza zviratidzo, asi zvisina kukwana kuti vagamuchire kuongororwa), Dr. Hammond anodaro. Yakawanda kutsvagurudza inoratidza kuti ADHD haina chaizvo ' Ibva pano , ’Asi kunyanya vakuru vanotaura zviratidzo zvishoma. Semuenzaniso, hyperactivity zviratidzo zvinowanzo kuderera nezera. Chete 11% yevakuru vane ADHD vanogamuchira kurapwa.



Uye zvakare, vamwe vanhu vakuru vanogona kuenda vasina kuongororwa uye nekudaro vasingarapwe nekuda kweanoitika mamiriro ehutano hwepfungwa anovhara zviratidzo zveADHD. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

  • Kuzvidya mwoyo kusagadzikana: 47%
  • Matambudziko emafungiro: 38%
  • Kuwedzera kudzora: 20%
  • Matambudziko ekushandisa zvinodhaka: 15%

(Primary Care Shamwari kune iyo Journal yeKiriniki Psychiatry, 2009)



ADHD mukirasi

Dzimwe nguva vana vanogona kukanganisa kana 'kupopota' mhinduro kazhinji, izvo zvinokanganisa kudyidzana munharaunda, Dr. Hammond anotsanangura. Pane dzimwe nguva, vamwe vechidiki vanogona kuve nematambudziko nekuzvidzora, zvichitungamira mukukakavadzana kana kutaura nevamwe vadzidzi.

Anoti ruzivo rwekudzidza kwemwana wega wega rwakasiyana. Vamwe vana vanonetseka muzvidzidzo nekuda kwekunetsekana kwakanyanya nekutarisisa uye / kana kusagadzikana, nepo vamwe vadzidzi vakadzidza kurarama nezviratidzo zveADHD vanogona kusangana nekukanganisa kushoma pakudzidza, anodaro.



Zvikoro zvinogona kugarisa vana vane ADHD nekugadziridzwa mukirasi, anodaroDr. Hammond. Mimwe mienzaniso yekushandurwa inosanganisira, asi haina kuganhurirwa ku: kutora mamwe mabhureki, kupihwa zvigaro zvekugara (semuenzaniso kugara padhuze nemudzidzisi), kuwedzerwa nguva pabvunzo, mibvunzo, uye kupihwa mabasa, pamwe nekutora bvunzo munzvimbo yakasarudzika yekudzora zvinokanganisa. .

Iyo 2014 National Survey yeiyo Kuongorora uye Kurapa kweADHD uye Tourette Syndrome yakaratidza kuti vazhinji vevadzidzi vane ADHD (69.3%) vakagamuchira rimwe kana akawanda masevhisi echikoro. Zvirongwa zvakasarudzika zvedzidzo (IEP) uye chikamu 504 zvirongwa zviviri zvinokwanisika masevhisi echikoro evadzidzi vane hunyanzvi hwedzidzo kana zvido ( Zvinyorwa zveMatambudziko Ekutarisa , 2018).

Maererano neCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), IEPs uye 504 zvirongwa zvinopa:

  • Yakawedzerwa nguva pabvunzo
  • Basa rakagadzirirwa kumwana
  • Yakanaka yekusimbisa
  • Tekinoroji-inobatsira mabasa
  • Kuwedzera mabhureki
  • Shanduko kukirasi yekumisikidza kukanganiswa
  • Kuwedzera rubatsiro nesangano

Chimwe chidzidzo chakashandisa dhata kubva kuongororo iyi uye ndokuona kuti vana vane makore mana kusvika gumi nemanomwe ekuberekwa vaine ADHD vakagamuchira imwe kana yakawanda yeanotevera maitiro ekurapa

  • 31% yakagashira mubereki-akanunura maitiro ekurapa
  • 39% yakawana ruzivo rwemagariro (senge rutsigiro munzira yekudyidzana nevamwe)
  • 30% vakagamuchira vezera kupindira (senge vezera kudzidzisa)
  • 20% vakagamuchira kugona kwekuziva maitiro

( Zvinyorwa zvePediatrics, 2018)

ADHD kurapwa kwehuwandu

Inonyanya kushanda ADHD kurapwa mubatanidzwa wemishonga uye maitiro ekurapa. Mishonga inosimudzira, saAdderall naRitalin, inowanzotarisirwa kutanga. Kana zvinokurudzira zvikasashanda, mupi wehutano anogona kuyedza isiri-inomutsa mishonga seStrattera. Iyi mishonga inokanganisa dopamine uye / kana norepinephrine kubatsira varwere kuisa pfungwa uye kunzwa kushoma.

Kuziva kwehunhu hwekurapa (CBT) inzira inozivikanwa yekurapa maitiro kune vanhu, kunyanya vana, vane ADHD. Nyanzvi yekurapa inogona kudzidzisa vana mataurirwo emafungiro avo nemanzwiro avo vasingavhiringidze vamwe. Vabereki nevadzidzisi vanogona zvakare kuwana njere kuburikidza neCBT yekudzidza maitiro ekupa mubairo hunhu hwakanaka.

Kubva muna 2016, 77% yevana vane ADHD vane makore maviri kusvika gumi nemanomwe vaigamuchira imwe nzira yekurapwa, pamwe nechetatu (32%) vachigamuchira zvese mishonga nekurapwa maitiro.

  • 62% inotora ADHD mishonga, mazhinji acho ane makore matanhatu kusvika gumi nerimwe ekuberekwa.
  • 30% tora mushonga wega.
  • 47% vanogamuchira maitiro ekurapwa, mazhinji acho ane makore maviri kusvika pamashanu emakore.
  • 15% vanogamuchira chete maitiro ekurapa.

( Zvinyorwa zveKiriniki Yemwana uye Wevechidiki Psychology , 2018)

Kutsvaga kweADHD