Kuwedzeredza uye kufutisa nhamba 2021

Nhau

Chii chinonzi kufutisa? | Kufutisa kwakajairika sei? | Chirwere chekufutisa kwemuviri | Kufutisa muAmerica | Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwehuwandu nebonde | Kuwedzera kwehuwandu huwandu nezera | Kufutisa uye hutano hwakazara | Mari yekufutisa | Zvinokonzera, kudzivirira, uye kurapwa | MIBVUNZO | Kutsvakurudza

Kufutisa chirwere chinoratidzirwa nekuve nemafuta akawandisa emuviri, izvo zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko ehutano nematambudziko. Kudzidza zvakawanda nezve kufutisa idanho rekutanga rinobatsira kugadzirisa mamiriro uye kurarama hupenyu hune hutano. Ngatitarisei kune mamwe manhamba ekufutisa, nzira dzekurapa kufutisa, uye kuti tingabatsira sei kuzvidzivirira.

Chii chinonzi kufutisa?

Kufutisa chiitiko chekurapa chinoitika kana mumwe munhu aine huwandu hwakawanda hwemafuta emuviri. Kuva nemafuta emuviri akawandisa kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yekuwana mamwe matambudziko ehutano, uye zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko ehutano pachawo.

Vanoona nezvehutano vanogona kuongorora kufutisa kunobva pa body mass index (BMI), chiuno chakatenderedza zviyero, uye zvimwe zviratidzo. BMI zvinhu mukukwirira kwemumwe munhu, huremu hwemuviri, zera reboka, uye bonde. BMI ye30 kana yepamusoro inowanzo kuratidza kuneta. Zvakare, chiuno kuyerwa kwemasentimita makumi matatu nemashanu evakadzi uye makumi mana masendimita evarume zvinogona zvakare kuratidza kufutisa. Pamusoro pezvo, heano mamwe zviratidzo zvakajairika zvekufutisa:

• Kunyanya kufuta
• Kuneta
• Joint kana musana kurwadziwa
• Kuzvidzora kwakaderera / kuvimba kwakaderera
• Kuchengeta
• Kuwedzera kudikitira

Kurapa kwekufutisa kunowanzo sanganisira kurovedza muviri, tsika nyowani dzekudya, kuwedzerwa kwehutano, mishonga, uye mune dzimwe nguva, kuvhiyiwa.

Kufutisa kwakajairika sei?

• Paavhareji, mumwe chete pavanhu vakuru vatatu akafutisa, inova inenge 36% yevagari. (Harvard, 2020)
• Iyo zera-yakagadziriswa kuwanda kwekufutisa muvanhu vakuru kubva 2017-18 yaive 42.4%. (Nzvimbo dzekudzivirira nekudzivirira hosha, 2020)
• Pakazosvika 2030, inofungidzirwa kuti 20% yevagari vepasi rose vachange vakafuta. (National Center yeBiotechnology Ruzivo, 2016)
• Vanenge 18.5% yevana vane makore 2 kusvika 19 vanoonekwa sevanorema muUnited States. (Nzvimbo dzekudzivirira nekudzivirira hosha, 2019)

Kufutisa kwehosha: Vangani vanhu vakafutisa munyika?

Kufutisa hakungokanganisa vanhu muU.S. Vanhu vari munyika dzakawanda vanoona kufutisa, uye hwave kupararira pasi rose.

• Vanofungidzirwa vanhu vakuru mazana mashanu emamiriyoni pasi rose vakafutisa.
• Kana isina kutaurwa, inofungidzirwa kuti vanhu vakuru bhiriyoni vachange vakafuta ne2030.
• Vanopfuura makumi maviri muzana muzana veUK vakuru vakanyanya.
• Makumi mana nemana muzana evakadzi muSaudi Arabia vakafutisa.

(Harvard, 2020)

Kufutisa muAmerica

• 1 kubva pavatatu vese vakuru veUS vanorema. (Harvard, 2020)
• Vasiri-veSpanish vakadzi vatema vanowana akanyanya mwero wehuremu muAmerica pa59%. (Harvard, 2020)
• Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwehuwandu kwakakwira kune veSpanish, Mexican American, uye vasiri veSpanish vanhu vatema kupfuura zvavari veCaucasians. (Harvard, 2020)
• Iyo yekumaodzanyemba uye Midwest ine yakanyanya kufutisa kuwanda. (Nzvimbo dzekudzivirira nekudzivirira hosha, 2019)
• Ese matunhu eU.S.uye matunhu ane huremu hwekurema kweinosvika makumi maviri muzana. (Nzvimbo dzekudzivirira nekudzivirira hosha, 2019)

Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwehuwandu nebonde

• Pakazara, kufutisa kwevanhu vakuru kwakakwira kune vakadzi. (National Center yehutano Statistics, 2013-2014)
• 4 pavashanu vakadzi vemuAfrica -America vakanyanya kufuta kana kufutisa. (Hofisi yeVashoma Hutano , 2018)
• 3 pa4 vakadzi veLatina kana veSpanish vakanyanya kufuta kana kufutisa. (Nzvimbo dzekudzivirira nekudzivirira hosha, 2018)
• Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhurume hwakakwira kwazvo kumapoka epakati-anotambira. (Nzvimbo dzekudzivirira nekudzivirira hosha, 2020)
• Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemitero yevasiri veSpanish vachena, vasiri veSpanish veAsia, uye vakadzi veSpanish vakakwira kwazvo kumapoka anotambira mari shoma. (Nzvimbo dzekudzivirira nekudzivirira hosha, 2020)

Kuwedzera kwehuwandu huwandu nezera

• MuU.S., kufutisa kwakanyanya pakati pevakuru kupfuura vechidiki. (National Center yehutano Statistics, 2015-2016)
• Kufutisa kwehudiki kuri kukwira pasirese, iine mamirioni makumi mana nevana vakafuta uye vakafutisa vana vari pasi pemakore mashanu (Harvard, 2010).
• 1 muvatanhatu vana vane makore maviri kusvika 19 vakafutisa (National Hutano uye Kudya Kwekuongorora Ongororo, 2013-2014).
• Kufutisa kwakanyanya pakati pea6- kusvika 19-vane makore-ekuberekwa pane mune maviri- kusvika mashanu-makore-ekuberekwa. (National Center yehutano Statistics, 2015-2016)

Kufutisa uye hutano hwakazara

Kunyanya kufutisa kunogona kutadzisa hupenyu hwemumwe munhu uye kuve nemhedzisiro yakakomba seyokukura kwechirwere chemoyo, sitiroko, Type 2 chirwere cheshuga, gomarara, cholesterol yakawanda, kuwedzerwa kweropa, matambudziko ekubatana, uye kufema kufema.

• Kune zvinopfuura mamirioni 2.8 ekugara muchipatara gore rega rega muU.S., uko kufutisa kuri chikonzero kana chinhu chinopa. (Hutano Mutengo uye Kushandisa Project, 2012)
• Vanenge vanhu mazana matatu ezviuru vanofa nekufutisa muAmerica gore rega rega. (National Center yeBiotechnology Ruzivo(2004)

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Mari yekufutisa

• Mari yekurapwa yekufutisa ingangoita madhora zana nemakumi mashanu emadhora pagore muU.S. (Nzvimbo dzekudzivirira nekudzivirira hosha, 2020)
• Vanhu vakafutisa vanopedza madhora chiuru nemazana mashanu pakuzvirapa pane vanhu vane huremu hwakanaka. (Hutano Mutengo uye Kushandisa Project, 2012)
• Mari yekufutisa inoenderana nehutano inogona kukwira nemadhora makumi mana nemasere kusvika makumi matanhatu emadhora mazana masere pagore na2030. (Harvard, 2020)

Zvinokonzera kufutisa

Kufutisa kunofungidzirwa kuti kunokonzerwa nemubatanidzwa wezvinhu zvepanyama, zvepfungwa, zvakatipoteredza, uye / kana majini. Zvimwe zvirwere nemamiriro ekurapa anogona zvakare kukonzera kana kupa kufutisa.

Heano zvimwe zvezvikonzero zvinokonzera kufutisa:

• Mararamiro sarudzo , kusanganisira kudya chikafu chisina hutano, chakagadzirwa, uye chakakangwa; kusaita basa; uye kusvuta kunogona kukonzera kufutisa.
• Nhoroondo yemhuri yekufutisa zvinogona kureva kuti munhu anochengeta mafuta zvakasiyana uye anogaya chikafu zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvese izvi zvinhu zvinogona kukonzera kuneta.
• Zvemagariro nehupfumi matambudziko anoumba maitiro edu ehutano. Semuenzaniso, vana vasina kudzidziswa kudya zvine hutano kana kurovedza muviri vanowanzo kuve vakafuta. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kuve nemari shoma kunogona kupa zvakanyanya kukufutisa nekuda kwekushaya zviwanikwa zvekutenga chikafu chine hutano.
• Pasi pehutano mamiriro, kunge polycystic ovary syndrome kana chirwere cheCushing, chinogona kubatsira mukuwedzera uremu nekurema. Ona izvi zvinyorwa zvemishonga inokonzera kuwedzera kuwedzera .

Kudzivirira kufutisa

Kudzivirira kufutisa kunosanganisira musanganiswa wezhinji shanduko, senge:

• Chiitwa chemuviri
• Kudya chikafu chine hutano
• Kuderedza kushungurudzika
• Kukanganisa screen nguva
• Kudzivisa chikafu chakagadziriswa
• Kudya yakawanda fiber
• Kuva nerutsigiro rwakasimba uye boka renzanga

Kudzivirira kufutisa inyaya yakaoma, anodaro Taylor Graber, MD, muridzi we ASAP IVs . Kudya chikafu chakaringana chakakwira mumichero mitsva, miriwo, yakaderera-mafuta nyama / hove / huku, inosanganisirwa neyakawandisa yemoyo kurovedza muviri kuchengetedza calori-isina kwazvakarerekera kana koriori-kushomeka kwekudya, zvakaringana.

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Vanachiremba vazhinji vakaita saDr Graber vari kushanda nevarwere kubatsira kurwisa kufutisa, uye kune akati wandei masangano nemasangano anotarisana nekudzivirira, kurapa, nekusimudzira kuziva nezve kufutisa. Heano mamwe emasangano nemasangano anotarisana nekufutisa uye kudzivirira kuwandisa:

• WeCan! yakatanga a dzidzo yehutano dzidzo kudzidzisa vana vane makore maviri kusvika mashanu nezvekuita sarudzo dzakanaka.
• Iyo World Kufutisa Federation yakasimbiswa Zuva reHurumende mu2015 yekucherechedza masangano kutenderera pasirese uye kuwedzera ruzivo rwematambudziko epasi rose kufutisa.
• Iyo National Institute yevana Hutano Hutano yakasvika 149,000 kusvika 232,000 vanhu ine mameseji emuno nezve huremu hune hutano uye akadzidziswa kupfuura Vatungamiriri mazana matatu mazana matatu kushanda pamwe nevashandi vehutano veruzhinji kudzivirira kufutisa munharaunda dzavanogara.
• Iyo Kuwedzeredza Chiito Mubatanidzwainotsigira zvinopfuura 70,000 vanhu neofutisa kurwisa huremu uye kusarura.

Kufutisa kurapwa

Kurapa kufutisa kunogona kusanganisira imwe kana kupfuura anotevera:

• Mararamiro anochinja
• Kuita muviri
• Kudya uine hutano
• Mishonga
• Bariatric kuvhiya
• Kurema manejimendi zvirongwa
• Gastric balloon masisitimu

Heano mamwe anozivikanwa uye anowanzo kuverengerwa kufutisa mishonga:

• Saxenda
• Contrave
• Qsymia
• Ikoko
• Xenical
• Belviq (zvakadaro, Belviq akabviswa kubva kumusika weU.S. muna Kukadzi 2020)

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Vamwe mishonga mitsva , senge yepakati tsinga system vamiririri uye gut-yakanangana nevamiririri, inogona kubatsira nekurema uremu. Iyi mishonga iri mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

Nzira yakanakisa yekudzidza zvakawanda nezve kufutisa kurapwa nemishonga kutaura nemupi wako wekuchengeta hutano. Iye anozokwanisa kugadzira chirongwa chekurapa iwe kuti chikubatsire iwe kusvika pahuremu hune hutano.

Wana kadhi reSpecialCare rekutora kadhi

Kuwedzera muviri mibvunzo uye mhinduro

Sei kufutisa kwave kwakakurumbira?

Kune zvikonzero zvakawanda nei kufutisa kwave kujairika. Vanhu vari kudya zvakanyanya zvakagadziriswa uye zvine mafuta akawanda, ivo vari kudya zvikamu zvakakura, ivo vari kurovedza zvishoma, uye ivo vari kushandisa yakawanda nguva pamberi peescreens. Izvi ndezvimwe zvezvikonzero zvekukwira kwepasirese mukufutisa.

Ipi muzana yevaAmerican vakafutisa?

Vanoda kusvika makumi mana muzana vevanhu vakuru vekuAmerica vane makore makumi maviri zvichikwira vakafutisa. 71.6% yevakuru vane makore makumi maviri zvichikwira vakafuta, kusanganisira kufutisa. ( National Hutano uye Kudya Kwekuongorora Ongororo , 2017-2018; Harvard Chikoro cheHuzhinji Hutano , 2020).

Ndeapi matunhu ane vanhu vakafutisa?

Aya matunhu ane kuwanda kwakanyanya kwekuneta, nemitero inopfuura 35%:

• Alabama
• Arkansas
• Iowa
• Kentucky
• Louisiana
• Mississippi
• Missouri
• North Dakota
• West Virginia

Ndeapi matanho eazvino ekurema kune vanhu vakuru?

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) inofungidzira kuti vangangoita makumi mana muzana yevakuru muUnited States vakafutisa.

Kufutisa kunokonzera zvimwe zvirwere here?

Kufutisa kunowedzera zvakanyanya njodzi yekuvandudza mamwe marapirwo kana hosha senge:

• Gomarara
• Chirwere cheshuga
• Coronary chirwere chemoyo
• Osteoarthritis
• Kurara kufema
• Kuwedzera kweropa
• Kurohwa

RELATED: Kudzorera prediabetes nekudya

Zvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kukonzera kufutisa here?

Zvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kukonzeresa kana kufutisa:

• Chirwere cheCushing
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• Hypothyroidism
• Insulin kuramba

Vangani vanhu vanofa nekufutisa?

Nehurombo, kufutisa kunogona kukonzeresa kufa nguva isati yakwana, uye kunyangwe zvakaoma kuziva kuti vanhu vangani vanofa nekufutisa, vamwe zvidzidzo fungidzira kuti mazana matatu ezviuru vanofa nekufutisa gore rega rega muU.S.

Kuwedzera kufutisa

• Kufutisa kwekudzivirira sosi , Harvard
• Denda rekurema: US kufutisa maitiro , Harvard
• Kuwedzera muviri stats , Yunivhesiti yeFlorida
• Kufutisa uye kufutisa maitiro , National Institute yechirwere cheshuga uye Digestive uye Kidney Zvirwere (NIDDK)
• Kuwandisa kwe obesity pakati pevakuru nevechidiki: United States, 2015-2016 , National Center yehutano Statistics (NCHS)
• Kutsanangura kufutisa uye kufutisa , Nzvimbo dzeDzidziso Kudzora uye Kudzivirira (CDC)
• Zvevakuru kufutisa chokwadi , CDC
• Kuwedzera data uye huwandu , CDC
• Kurema uye kufutisa , Hofisi pahutano hwevakadzi
• Kufutisa uye vemuAfrica maAmerican , Dhipatimendi reU.S. reHutano neHuman Services Hofisi yeVashoma Hutano
• Kufutisa mune vechidiki , Misidhari-Sinai
• Kudzivirira kufutisa kwehucheche , National Mwoyo, Lung, uye Ropa Institute (NHLBI)
• Kurapa kwazvino kwekuneta , Clinical Mushonga chinyorwa naRoyal College yeVanachiremba