Pfungwa dzehutano hwepfungwa-uye maitiro ekukunda
Dzidzo yehutanoKutsanangura kushorwa | Nei iri dambudziko | Chiito matanho ekuzvipedza | Kurapa nzira dziripo | Kutsigira shamwari & mhuri
Pfungwa dzehutano hwepfungwa idambudziko hombe rinoita kuti vanhu vazhinji vanoda kurapwa vanyadziswe kuti vauwane. Hezvino izvo zvaunogona kuita kuzvideredza uye nesarudzo dzinowanikwa kana uchida rubatsiro.
Chipingamupinyi chimwe chakakosha mukukunda munharaunda kusarura uye kusarura kunoenderana nevanhu vanotambura nehutano hwepfungwa nehunhu. - Chitsauko 4, 2001 World Health Report, World Health Organisation (WHO)
Kutenderera pasirese, hutano hwepfungwa huri mundangariro dzevanachiremba uye vagariwo zvavo zvakafanana. Zvave pachena kuti mamiriro ehutano hwepfungwa anokanganisa mamirioni-uye kuziva kuri kukura kuti vanhu vane matambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa havangori mapenzi, vane ngozi, kana vanhu vakaipa. Asi kufambira mberi uku kune yakajeka uye inogamuchira ramangwana hakuna pasina zvipingaidzo.
Kusarura kunoramba kuri pakati pezvipingamupinyi zvinoramba zvichiramba kune vanhu vanorarama nehutano hwepfungwa. Kutsvagisa kwekurapa kunoratidza kuti chirwere chepfungwa chaicho, uye hapana chekunyara nacho - asi vanhu vazhinji vanoramba pfungwa iyi, uye chero chiratidzo chehutano hwepfungwa munharaunda kana nehupenyu hwavo. Kune zvikonzero zvakawanda zvinoita kuti vanhu varambe chirwere chepfungwa, kubva pane zvisizvo zvisizvo kusvika kusarudzo dzakanangwa.
Dzimwe nguva vanhu vasina ruzivo vanoparadzira ngano uye kushora nezvedambudziko rehutano hwepfungwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti ruzvidzo rwakatenderedza hutano hwepfungwa huwedzere. Zvinogona kuve zvinokuvadza zvakanyanya kune avo vasina kuwanikwa nguva dzose kune vakatendeseka uye vanofungisisa ruzivo rwehutano hwepfungwa hunoramba pfungwa dzakajairika. Iyo inogona kutokonzeresa kuzvisemesa, iyo yekuisa mukati mehunhu husina kunaka mune avo vanotambura nehutano hwepfungwa.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uratidze kuramba kushaya hutano kwehutano hwepfungwa uye zvisizvo zvisina kunaka mune ese mafomu. Kuziva kuti kushorwa idambudziko hombe hakuna kukwana. Shanduko inoitika chete nezviito.
Mapoka emagariro uye nharaunda dzinofanirwa kubatana pamwechete kubvisa kunyangarika kwehutano hwepfungwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuramba uchingogovana ruzivo rwepfungwa dzepamoyo neshamwari uye nevavakidzani. Dzidza kuteerera zvinobudirira kune avo vanorarama nehurwere hwepfungwa uye kutaura pamusoro wenyaya muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Izvi zviito zvinogona kuvaka netiweki dzekutsigira dzinodzikisira zvakadzama chipingaidzo uye zvirinani kugonesa avo vanoda rubatsiro kuti vakwane.
Kutsanangura kushomeka kwehutano hwepfungwa
Vanhu vazhinji havanyatsonzwisisa kunyadziswa kwehutano hwepfungwa. Usati wasvetuka musoro-kutanga kuita runyararo-kurwisa, ungangoda kutora nhanho kana maviri kumashure. Kutanga, edza kunzwisisa chiyero chakafara uye mamiriro ari kuita hurukuro yazvino. Semuenzaniso, zvakakosha kudzidza uye kushandisa neshoko rakakodzera. Iyo inogona kukubatsira iwe kuve mubatsiri ari nani kune avo vanorarama nehurwere hwepfungwa.
Stigmas in general
Kuti unzwisise kushomeka kwehutano hwepfungwa, unofanirwa kunzwisisa zvinoreva kushorwa, uye kuti zvinokuvadza sei vanhu. Kushoreka munzanga inzira inoshanda kana yekushandira inoshandiswa kusarura munhu zvichibva pahunhu hwavanoona. Kushoreka kwemagariro kunogona kunongedza zvese zvinoshanduka uye zvisingachinjiki zvehunhu, kusanganisira zvese kubva kurudzi kuenda kuhutano hwepfungwa.
Kutsvagisa kwakadzama nezvehukama hwekusarura-hushoma huripo. Asi chakanyanya kukosha kuziva ndechekuti vanosemwa dzimara vanonzwa nguva yakati rebei nekuda kwehunhu hwenzanga nekuda kwehunhu hwavo. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kusarurana uye kusurukirwa nekufamba kwenguva, kana kunyatsoita rusaruro kubva mumaoko evane masimba.
Pfungwa dzehutano hwepfungwa dzinowira muchikamu ichi. Vanhu vanorarama nechirwere chepfungwa vanoona kusarura uye kusarura muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Inobata zvese kubva mukubatana munharaunda kuenda kudzimba sarudzo. Uku kurapwa kwakaenzana kunogona kudzikisira hupenyu hwehupenyu uye kuita kuti zvinyanye kuoma kutsvaga kurapwa kwakakodzera.
Matambudziko ane chekuita nehutano hwepfungwa
Pfungwa dzehutano hwepfungwa dzavepo nenzira dzakasiyana kwemazana emakore. Inopfuuridzirwa nevanhu, asi vezvenhau vanozivikanwa uye tsika dzevanhu zvinowedzerawo kusarura munharaunda munharaunda yepasi rose.
Pfungwa dzehutano hwepfungwa dzine zvikamu zviviri. Kutanga, pane chisingaonekwe (kana pane kudaro, kwete-pachena panyama) chimiro chehurwere hwepfungwa. Zvinoreva, kusiyana neruoko rwakatyoka, haugone kuona nyore kana mumwe munhu akaora mwoyo. Chechipiri, kumwe kuratidzwa kwehutano hwepfungwa kuputsa kwakamisikidza magariro maitiro Semuenzaniso, mumwe munhu ari manic bipolar phase anogona kutaura zvakanyanya kana ari kunze nevamwe. Zvikatorwa pamwechete, zvinhu izvi zvinogona kuita kuti munhu asingarapwe kana kutarisirwa-zvisizvo mamiriro ehutano hwepfungwa aite senge asingatarisirwe, kana kutotyisa. Nekudaro, vamwe vanhu (zvisizvo) vanoisa mukati izvi kusafungidzira sekutyisidzira, izvo zvinogona kuvaita kuti vatende kana kuparadzira rusarura.
Kunyangwe zvakajairika, hutano hwepfungwa hunoshoreka haufanire kugamuchirwa sechisikigo chikamu chehupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Mafungiro ehutano hwepfungwa, ese ari maviri makuru uye madiki, anokuvadza mune kwavo kwese kuratidzwa uye anogona kudzikisira zvakanyanya kugona kwemunhu kuziva mamiriro avo ehutano hwepfungwa uye kutsvaga rubatsiro rwakakodzera pazvinenge zvichidikanwa.
Nei kushorwa idambudziko rakakura
Kutaura kuti pfungwa dzehutano hwepfungwa idambudziko hombe kuwedzeredza. Muzvokwadi, hutano hwepfungwa hunosemesa matambudziko akapararira uye anopararira anogona kubata chero chinhu chehupenyu hwemunhu. Kana iwe ukaronga kugadzirisa zvimiro zvehutano hwepfungwa munharaunda yako uye munharaunda yenzvimbo, ita shuwa yekutora nguva kuti unzwisise zvakadzama kukonzeresa kwechimiro usati waedza kurwisa icho.
Mafungiro ehutano hwepfungwa anowira mumapoka maviri akapamhama: nzira dzinoshoreka dzinopararira uye mhedzisiro yekuzvidzwa kune avo vanozviona. Mapato ese ari maviri akakosha kugadzirisa zvakakwana uye kugadzirisa chiseko.
Nzira dzemawere dzinopararira
Nzira dzekupararira kwechimiro dzinoonekwa zvakanyanya kupfuura zvazvinoita kune vamwe vanhu. Izvi ndizvo zviito uye mazwi anova mukati mekurerekera kurwisa vanhu vane chirwere chepfungwa - uye kupinda mune zvese kubva mukutaura kwemazuva ese kusvika pakuumba mutemo. Kunyangwe rondedzero inotevera isiri yakakwana, idzi ndidzo dzinoverengeka nzira dzinozivikanwa dzinopararira kushorwa kwehutano hwepfungwa:
Microaggressions
Mazwi, uye zvirevo zvisina kunaka, zvinogona kuve nemhedzisiro yekuti munhu anorarama nehurwere hwepfungwa anozviona sei, uye nemaonero anoita nzanga huru munhu iyeye. Iyo nzira iyo nzanga inotaura nezve hutano hwepfungwa uye chirwere chepfungwa chinogona kukanganisa maitiro azvinoita kune vanhu vari kusangana nazvo.
Microaggressions zvidiki zvinoratidza zvemazwi (zvese zvinechinangwa uye zvisiri zvechinangwa) izvo zvinotaurirana kuvengana kana kufungira zvisizvo boka rakanangwa. Microaggressions inogona kuita netsaona, kana kunyangwe aine vavariro yakanaka, asi zvakadaro zvinokanganisa nhengo dzeboka rakakanganiswa.
Kufonera mumwe munhu kupenga kana kuvabvunza kana vatora mishonga yavo mienzaniso ye microaggressions inopesana nenzvimbo yehutano hwepfungwa.
Microaggressions yakanangwa kune vanhu vanorarama nehutano hwepfungwa vanogovana zvakafanana nemutauro unowanzo shandiswa kudzikisira vanhu vakaremara mumuviri (kunyangwe nehunyanzvi hushoma kwazvo). Iwo chaiwo mazwi uye zvirevo zvinosiyana kubva pakuisa kusvika pakuisa, asi angangoita ese ma microggressions anotarisira kushayisa simba kana kunyadzisa iye akakanganiswa munhu kana boka. Mamwe ma microggressions zvakare anotaurira zvisirizvo kutya pamusoro pehurwere hwepfungwa kazhinji.
Microaggression ndiyo imwe nzira iyo inosemesa mitauro yemagariro - senge hutano hwehutano hwepfungwa - hunopararira munharaunda dzevanhu. Vamwe vanhu vanoti microaggressions inoda yakanyanya kuzvidzora-inodzivirira, kuti vanhu vanobatwa vane hunyanzvi. Asi iwo maonero haana zvibereko muhurukuro yakanangana nekutsigira vanhu vanorarama nehurwere hwepfungwa.
Meseji isina kunaka
Microaggressions ndidzo zviitiko zvemutauro zvinowedzera kushomeka kwehutano hwepfungwa. Kutumira mameseji inzira yakatambanuka yekuparadzira zvimiro zvehutano hwepfungwa. Icho chiri chekutaurirana zvemukati (kazhinji mumidhiya yakakurumbira) iyo inoshanda iyo hombe chinangwa chekuparadzira kutya uye kusanzwisiswa nezve hutano hwepfungwa uye vanhu vanorarama nehurwere hwepfungwa.
Semuenzaniso, terevhizheni inoratidza iyo inoratidza mumwe munhu ane schizophrenia seane ngozi kuparadzira meseji yakaipa nezve vanhu vane chirwere ichi.
Meseji isina kunaka inogona kubva mukusaziva kwekusaziva. Iyi fomu inoitika kazhinji muvana nevakuru vechidiki vasinganyatsonzwisise tsika dzakakodzera dzehukama dzine chekuita nechirwere chepfungwa terminology. Rudzi urwu rwekusaziva runogona kugara mukukura kana rusina kugadziriswa zvine hungwaru.
Asi, meseji yakaipa ndeyekusaziva nemaune kune vanhu kana mapoka anonzwisisa mhedzisiro, asi vanoshandisa mutauro unokuvadza chero zvakadaro. Chinyakare midhiya uye zvemagariro midhiya zvese zvinoshanda munzvimbo ino, zvine mvumo kudzokorora zvisirizvo nezve hutano hwepfungwa.
Imwe ongororo yakaburitswa muNatural Institute of Health (NIH) yakawana izvo 39 % yemapepanhau makuru eU.S. anofukidza hutano hwepfungwa hwaive nezve njodzi nemhirizhonga.
Mumwe muenzaniso ndeye gakava rakakomberedza kudzora pfuti uye mutemo muUnited States. Icho chinyararire chinyorwa, asi mamwe masosi enhau nemapoka ekukurudzira anoderedza hurukuro kune nyaya yekurapa chirwere chepfungwa. Nepo kuvandudza kwehutano hwepfungwa kwakakosha, kushandisa vanhu vanorarama nematambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa sechimbuzi mukupfura kwakawanda kuchiparadzira zvinyadzo zvechisimba zvinoitirwa vanhu vese vane hutano hwepfungwa.
Kunyora zvisina kukodzera kunogona kuve chikamu chemameseji asina kunaka. Izvi zvinowanzoonekwa kana uchikurukura nezvehurwere hwepfungwa uye kuvapo kwayo muhupenyu hwemunhu. Pachivanhu, zvirevo zvakaita senge schizophrenic murume kana bipolar mukadzi zvaive zvakajairika. Zvino, mutauro-wemunhu-wekutanga hurukuro ine hukama nehurema inofarirwa. Mitsara semunhu ane kushushikana ndiyo inogamuchirwa (kana inodikanwa, sezvinoonekwa mune akawanda uye ehurumende maficha maficha) mazwi ekushandisa.
Socioeconomics, basa, uye dzimba
Vanhu vanorarama nehutano hwepfungwa mamiriro (ese akaongororwa uye asina kuongororwa) anowanzo kuwira mune yakaderera magariro ezvehupfumi mabhureki anowanzo kutapurwa neyakareba-nguva mhedzisiro yechirwere chepfungwa. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira kune crossover rusaruro kubva kune avo vane zvakasarudzika kune varombo.
Mamiriro ezasi ezvehupfumi hwevanhu pakati pevanhu vane chirwere chepfungwa chinobva pazvinhu zvakasiyana siyana, zvinosanganisira rusarura mumabasa uye mudzimba. Iyo Sangano reNational Alliance paMental Illness inoshuma kuti kuvepo kwechirwere chepfungwa (kana kufungidzira kwacho) kunogona kudzivirira munhu kubva mukuwana mikana yakaenzana yemabasa.
Zvakare kutaura, uyu musiyano mukuhaya kunoitika nekuda kwemafungiro evashandirwi ekuti vanhu vane chirwere chepfungwa havanyatso kutonga zviito zvavo, anodaro munyori weNAMI Luna Greenstein. Panguva imwecheteyo, vashandirwi vamwe chete vanopa mhosva yakazara yezviito zvisina kujairika kune anenge achizoshanda panzvimbo pehutano, izvo zvinogona kureva kusabatanidza vamwe vanokwanisa kubva mukufungisisa.
Semhedzisiro yeiyi inosarura yekuhaya maitiro, vashandi vane chirwere chepfungwa vanowanzo kuwana muhoro wakaderera pane avo vavanoshanda navo vasinganzwisisike. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti zvinyanye kukwira kukwira nemanera, uye kuwana muhoro wakateedzana munzvimbo dzinotevera. Vanhu vane mamwe mamiriro ehutano hwepfungwa vanoona maitiro ekusarura ekuhaya zvakanyatsojeka. Semuenzaniso, pane makumi manomwe kubva muzana kusvika makumi mapfumbamwe muzana ezinga rekushaikwa kwemabasa pakati pevanhu vane schizophrenia, maererano ne National Institute yeMental Health .
Mari shoma yemari inoita kuti zvinyanye kuoma kuwana dzimba dzakakodzera. Kusarura kuri pamutemo uye kusiri pamutemo pakati pemasangano edzimba nevaridzi vezvivakwa kunowedzera dambudziko iri. Kana ikasiiwa isina kutaurwa, urwu rusaruro rwechimiro runogona kukonzera kushaya pekugara uye kunyange kuiswa mujeri munzvimbo dzine mirau yakaoma yekushaya pekugara.
Mitemo yemubatanidzwa, yakadai seFair Housing Act ya1968, yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira rusaruro kune vamwe vanhu mune mamwe makirasi akachengetedzwa kubva kune dzakarerekera dzimba dzekurendesa nekutengesa maitiro. Vanhu vakaremara vakawedzerwa kune idzi dziviriro sechikamu chemutemo weAmerican Disability Act (ADA) muna1990. Asi, izvi zvidziviriro hazvisi zvisina musoro. Kusarongeka - dzimba dzakajeka kusarura vanhu vane chirwere chepfungwa kuchiri kuitika.
Mhedzisiro yekushorwa
Kusarurwa kune zvimiro zvakakomba kune vanhu vanorarama nehurwere hwepfungwa. Mhedzisiro yaro inogona kutenderera mukuomarara kubva pakuderera kwekuzvikoshesa kusvika mukusada kusingaperi kutsvaga kwakakodzera hutano hwepfungwa. Chinyorwa chinotevera chinosanganisira zvimwe zvingangoitika zvinokonzerwa nekuramba uchionekwa nehutano hwepfungwa.
Kuderera kwekuwana kurapwa
Zvinowanzo gamuchirwa kuti mhando zhinji dzehurema uye chirwere chisingaperi chakakodzera kurapwa. Uye, vanhu vanorarama nehurwere nehurema izvo zvisingakwanise kurapwa vanofanirwa kupihwa mukana wega wekurarama hupenyu hwakafumisa zvizere ivo pachavo. Nehurombo, kunzwisisa uku hakuna kuzadza zvizere kuhutano hwepfungwa.
Vanhu vane chirwere chepfungwa havakwanisi kuwana rubatsiro kana mikana yekurapwa nekuda kwekushorwa. Semuenzaniso, vanhu vane chirwere chepfungwa vanoonekwa zvisirizvo sevanokonzera, kana kudzora, kuremara kwavo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanoonekwa sevasina kukodzera mikana yekurapwa.
Kunyangwe paine kushomeka kune mamwe mamiriro, kushomeka kwekuwanika kunoitika mukati mebhodhi - kune vanhu vane chirwere chisingaperi, hurema, uye chirwere chepfungwa. Kana iwe uri kushanda kugadzirisa izvi zvinoshomeka munharaunda yako yemunharaunda edza kuve unobatanidza uye muchinjika-chikamu sezvinobvira.
Hutano hwepfungwa hunofanirwa kuwanikwa zviri nyore kune avo vanohuda; chimiro chemhando iyi hachina kusiyana neicho chinokonzerwa nechirwere chemuviri. Kana iwe kana munhu waunoda achirarama nehutano hwepfungwa, zvakakosha kuti urwise kushorwa uye utsvage rubatsiro rwevashandi vehutano hwepfungwa. Vana nevakuru vechidiki kazhinji vanonetseka kutaura manzwiro avo nemazvo, saka vashandi vezvehutano nevabereki vanowanzopotsa zviratidzo zvekutanga zvehutano hwepfungwa kana kuzvinyora sevari vese mumusoro mavo. Izvi zvinogona kureva kuti vachiri kuyaruka vari kunetseka havawani kuchengetwa kwehutano hwepfungwa kutozosvikira pane zvakawanda gare gare muhupenyu.
Kana ivo vachitsvaga rubatsiro, vanhu vane chirwere chisingawanikwe kana chisina kurapwa chepfungwa vanogona kutarisana nekushomeka kwechimiro kwerubatsiro runodhura. Kazhinji, pane kushomeka kweveruzhinji hutano hwekuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvakanyatso kupihwa kurwara nepfungwa mune imwe nharaunda. Kuedza kugadzirisa dambudziko iri kuri kuenderera munzvimbo zhinji, asi hutano hwepfungwa hunodzora kuwedzera.
Kusurukirwa uye villainization
Pfungwa dzehutano hwepfungwa dzagara uye dzichiri kukonzera manzwiro ekuzviparadzanisa kusingaperi pakati peavo vanozviona. Haisi chete vanhu vanoonekwa vane matambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa. Chero ani zvake ane hukama hwakanangana nechirwere chepfungwa, senge nhengo dzemhuri yeavo vanorarama nehutano hwepfungwa, vanogona kusurukirwa.
Iyi pfungwa yekuzviparadzanisa inoratidzira kusarura kune wese munhu ane matambudziko ehutano, angave ari epfungwa kana epanyama. Asi zvinogona kutonyanya kunetsa kune vanhu vane hutano hwepfungwa nekuda kwechimiro chavo chisingaonekwe. Kana chirwere chisingaonekwe neziso rakashama, zviri nyore kuti unzwe wakaparadzaniswa, kana uri wega mukutambudzika kwako.
Iyi pfungwa yekuzviparadzanisa inogona kukuvadza hunyanzvi hwehukama uye kuita kuti zviomere kurarama nezviitiko zvakaoma pasina rutsigiro kubva kune vadikanwa kana munharaunda. Pamusoro penguva yakareba yenguva, kuzviparadzanisa kunova chikamu chechimiro chewenyika maonero, uye kunogona kudzikisira kuzviremekedza kana kufunga kwekuzvikoshesa. Iyi yakaipa mhedzisiro inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya hupenyu hwemunhu.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vanhu vanorarama nehurwere hwepfungwa vakashata. Kureva, yavo isingagumi mamiriro inoshandiswa kusarura vamwe. Iyi nzira yakasarudzika yekushorwa munharaunda inoreva kuti munhu anorarama nechirwere chepfungwa neimwe nzira akaderera pane munhu kupfuura vamwe vavo, uye anongobatsira kupatsanura mumwe munhu kumberi.
Vezvenhau vakakurumbira munhoroondo vanofungidzira zvakaipa zvemunhu akaipa kusvika padanho rekunyongana. Kunyangwe nanhasi, midhiya enhau (zvese nemaune uye nekusaziva) dzimwe nguva inobatanidza chirwere chepfungwa nemhirizhonga (kunyangwe mhedziso yakawanda yesainzi iyo inokanganisa kubatana).
Kuzivikanwa uye kutsvaga kurapwa
Pfungwa dzehutano hwepfungwa dzinokonzeresa manzwiro ekusagona munharaunda. Kusarura kunokurudzira vamwe vanhu kutsvaga rubatsiro rwakakodzera. Kune vamwe vazhinji, kushorwa kunodzivirira kuzivikanwa uye kurapwa kwehutano hwepfungwa.
Patrick Corrigan, Benjamin Druss, naDeborah Perlick daidza ichi chikonzero nei uchiedza? kushanda. Icho chimiro chekuzvisarudzira icho chinoita kuti munhu atende kuti kurwara kwavo kwepfungwa mutoro usingaperi usingatombo simudzwa. Vanhu vanogona kuyedza kuvanza urwere hwavo kana kuwedzeredza-kubhadhara kuvapo kwayo. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti mamiriro avo awedzere kusvika vatsvaga kurapwa kwakakodzera.
Muna 2011, ingangoita 60% yevanhu vane chirwere chepfungwa vakagamuchira chero rudzi rwekurapwa kwehutano hwavo. Izvi zvinodaro nekuda kwekusiyana-siyana kwehurongwa muhutano hwepfungwa, asi zvakare zvinobva mukuzvisarura kunotadzisa vanhu kutsvaga kurapwa kwakakodzera.
Kushaikwa kwekuongororwa uye kurapwa kunotungamira kune yakaipa mibairo, sezvazvingaite kune chero imwe mhando yechirwere chisingaperi. Matambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa anotora nguva yekurapa nekutarisira, kunyanya zvichipihwa kuti vanhu vazhinji vanoonekwa vachazoda kubata mamiriro mukati mehupenyu hwavo hwevakuru. Kana kuenderera mberi kwehutano hwepfungwa kunonoka kurapwa nenguva, kunoderedza hupenyu hwehupenyu.
Matanho anoshanda ekugumisa runyararo
Pfungwa dzehutano hwepfungwa, pamwe nemhedzisiro yazvo inokanganisa, hazvifanirwe kuva zvechigarire. Pane matanho mazhinji aunotora kuti utsigire kuedza kwemasangano ekukurudzira pasirese. Kunyangwe nzira idzi dzisingadzimisi kunyangadzwa kwehutano hwepfungwa neusiku, dzinozovandudza hurukuro yazvino neyenguva yemberi yehutano hwepfungwa munharaunda yako yemunharaunda.
Teerera uye uzvidzidzise
Usati waita mutsauko munzira iyo nharaunda yako inonzwisisa hutano hwepfungwa, unofanirwa kuteerera nekuzvidzidzisa. Hutano hwepfungwa hwakanyanya uye hwehutano hwepfungwa matambudziko anokanganisa mumwe nemumwe zvakasiyana. Izvo zvakakosha kuti udzidze kubva kuvanhu vakazvionera.
Verenga memoir dzinotsanangura hupenyu hwezuva nezuva nehutano hwepfungwa . Taura nevanhu vanogara nematambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa, kana iwe uchiziva mumwe munhu anoda. Tsvagurudzo isiri-fungidziro tsananguro yemamiriro ehutano hwepfungwa. Shandisa zvazvino fungidziro midhiya (kusanganisira mitambo yemavhidhiyo senge Husiku muWoods neCeleste) kuti ikubatsire kunzwisisa kuomarara kwehutano hwepfungwa.
Kunyangwe iwe uine ruzivo nehutano hwepfungwa, zvakakosha kuti urambe uchidzidza. Iyo munda wehutano hwepfungwa munda urikurumidza kushanduka sekutsvagurudza kwakawanda kunoongorora zvikonzero zvacho nemishonga. Kana iwe uchida kuparadzira ruzivo, iwe unofanirwa kuramba uchienderana nezvazvino kuitika.
Taura hako
Kana iwe uine mukana, taura nezve kukosha kwehutano hwepfungwa uye akasiyana stigmas anoramba achikomberedza. Kana iwe ukanzwa mumwe munhu achitaura zvisina kunaka nezvehutano hwepfungwa, usaramba wakanyarara.
Izvo zvakakosha kurwisa mutauro unoparadzira kusavimba kana kupesana kune vanhu vane chirwere chepfungwa. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe ukanzwa mumwe munhu achidana waunodzidza naye kana waunoshanda naye ane hutano hwepfungwa hunopenga, zvakakosha kutaura. Rudzi urwu rwemutauro unoshoreka (kunyangwe sejoko) rinomisikidza kuverengerwa kwehutano hwepfungwa. Inofanira kudzivirirwa kana kugadziriswa pese pazvinogoneka.
Murevereri
Kuve mutsigiri wehutano hwepfungwa inzira inoshanda yekuunza kutarisisa kuhutano hwepfungwa uye avo vanorarama nehurwere hwepfungwa. Iwe unogona kuve mumiriri mumamiriro akasiyana siyana, kusanganisira muchikoro kana kunzvimbo yebasa, uye nemumapuratifomu akasiyana siyana, senge pasocial media, mablog uye zviitiko zvemunharaunda. Mamwe masangano, seNational Alliance yeMental Illness uye American Foundation yekuzviuraya Kudzivirira, anopa mamwe maitiro ehurongwa kumamiriri avo ..
Chinangwa chekutanga chechirongwa chekutsigira chinofanira kunge chiri chekuunza ruzivo uye rutsigiro rwekuwedzera kwezvivakwa zvekutsigira kugadzirisa zviri nani hutano hwepfungwa. Nenzira iyi, vamiriri vanogona kubatsira zvishoma nezvishoma kudzosera zvinyadzo zvehutano hwepfungwa kwenguva refu uye nekuitsiva nenharaunda yekubatana kune zvibereko.
Shandisa mutauro usinga tsoropodze
Chimwe chiito chidiki icho munhu wese anogona kutora kurwisa hutano hwepfungwa kushandura izwi rako wega. Kunyanya, chenjera kudzivirira mutauro unotuka chero pazvinogoneka. Mamwe mavara anowanzo sanganisira anopenga, psycho, uye muropa. Rudzi urwu rwemutauro harubereke zvachose uye runogumbura zvakanyanya (zvinoenderana nezviri kutaurwa).
Panzvimbo yaro, shandisa mutauro usingashorese. Aya mazwi nemitsara zvinogamuchirwa zvakawandisa mukati memharaunda yehutano hwepfungwa. Zvichireva, iwe unogona kuzvishandisa pasina kuisa njodzi pane zvisizvo.
Nguva dzose shandisa munhu-wekutanga mutauro. Iyi inzira yekuronga yakagadzirirwa kupatsanura mamiriro emunhu kana kuremara kubva pahunhu hwavo. Semuenzaniso, kutaura kuti murume ane schizophrenia akakodzera pane kutaura kuti schizophrenic murume.
Sarudzo dzinowanikwa kune avo vanoda rubatsiro
Kuchengetwa kwepfungwa kunovandudzika mazuva ese, sezvo vanhu vazhinji vachiwana mukana wekurapwa. Kune matatu ekutanga marapirwo ehutano hwepfungwa mamiriro: kurapwa, mishonga, uye mapoka ekutsigira. Maitiro ese haashande kune wese munhu, saka ive shuwa kubvunza chiremba wako kuti awane kurapa kwakanyanya kwauri.
Kurapa
Therapy ndeimwe yenzira dzinowanikwa uye dzinobudirira dzekugadzirisa mamiriro ehutano hwepfungwa. Kune akawanda marudzi erapi, ichiita sarudzo inoshanda kune huwandu hukuru hwevanhu vanogara nematambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa.
Kuziva-kwehunhu hwekurapa (CBT) ndeimwe yesarudzo dzakakurumbira nekuti inogona kuita shanduko yepfungwa uye inoitika muhupenyu hwemunhu nekufamba kwenguva. Kazhinji kazhinji, CBT inoshandiswa kugadzirisa kushushikana, kushushikana, uye bipolar kusagadzikana-kunyangwe ichigona kuve nekubudirira kune kwakasiyana kusagadzikana kwekuziva.
Kurapa kwehukama kwakajairika uye kunoonekwa zvakanaka nekuti kunobatsira kutaura kwakanaka kwemanzwiro. Zvisinei nerudzi rwakasarudzwa, kurapwa kazhinji kunosanganisira kusangana-ne-mumwe neanodzidziswa uye akasimbiswa nyanzvi. Iyo nyanzvi inogona kugadzira kurovedza uye zviitiko zvekudzidzira pamba kugadzirisa hutano hwepfungwa.
Tsigira mapoka
Kunge kurapa, mapoka ekutsigira anoshandisa kutaurirana kumeso kuti vabatsire kutsungirira chirwere chepfungwa. Mapoka ekutsigira anowanzo tarisa pane yakasarudzika mhando yehurwere hwepfungwa kana huwandu hwevanhu, saamai vanogara nekuora mwoyo, kana vakuru vanogara nebipolar.
Ivo zviwanikwa zvihombe kune avo vanotsvaga rakakura network reshamwari kutsigira kwavo kwehutano hutano hwekuedza.
Kune akasiyana emapoka ekutsigira pane zvakasiyana zvinodiwa. Semuenzaniso, post-deployment vashandi vemauto vanobatana nemapoka ekutsigira pazviitiko zvavo chaizvo (kunyanya izvo zvine chekuita nePTSD). Vanamai vatsva vanogona kusangana mumapoka ekutsigira kuti vagadzirise dzakasiyana siyana dzekusununguka kwehutano hwepfungwa pamwechete. Kunyangwe anozivikanwa mapoka ekutsigira seAlcoholics Anonymous anogona kutora chinzvimbo mukutsigira manejimendi hutano hutano.
Mishonga
Mishonga ndeimwe yenzira dzakakurumbira dzekutarisira hutano hwepfungwa. Mishonga iri nyore uye inoshanda pakurapa mamiriro anokonzerwa nekusaenzana kwemakemikari muuropi. Nekudaro, haisi mishonga yese yepfungwa inoshanda kune vese varwere. Mimwe mirau inowedzera mukana wekushandisa zvinodhaka kana kuva nemhedzisiro inokanganisa manzwiro ezuva nezuva uye hupenyu.
Mishonga yehutano hwepfungwa inowira muzvikamu zvakati wandei: antipsychotic, antidepressants, uye mafungiro ekudzikamisa. Mhando yega yega yemushonga inobata imwe mhando yemamiriro, uye ine akasiyana mhedzisiro mhedzisiro. Iyi mishonga inoshanda, asi hairape mamiriro ehutano hwepfungwa-anongoderedza zviratidzo. Taura nachiremba wako nezvengozi uye zvakanakira usati watanga chero mushonga mutsva.
RELATED : Kuwana chaiyo mishonga yehutano hwepfungwa kunotanga nekutsvaga chiremba chaiye
Kutsigira shamwari uye mhuri nenyaya dzehutano hwepfungwa
Utano hwepfungwa inyaya yakakomba. Kushoreka kwehutano hwepfungwa chinhu chakakomba chipingamupinyi pakurapwa nemikana yevanhu vanorarama nehutano hwepfungwa. Kutyora ruzvidzo urwu kunogona kuve kwakaoma, asi kunounza mabhenefiti mazhinji, kusanganisira mikana yakawedzerwa yeavo vanorarama nehurwere hwepfungwa kuti vagamuchire kurapwa kwavanoda kuti vararame hupenyu hunogutsa uye hune pundutso.
Kutsigira shamwari uye mhuri nenyaya dzepfungwa idanho rekutanga rakakosha. Inguva yekuchinja mafungiro eruzhinji muUnited States uye nepasi rose.
