Kuru >> Nhau >> Iyo ramangwana rekudzora kubereka kwevanhurume: Ndiani anofanirwa kudzora nhumbu?

Iyo ramangwana rekudzora kubereka kwevanhurume: Ndiani anofanirwa kudzora nhumbu?

Iyo ramangwana rekudzora kubereka kwevanhurume: Ndiani anofanirwa kudzora nhumbu?Nhau

Muna 1960, piritsi rekuzvarwa rakabvumidzwa neKudya neDrug Administration (FDA) yekushandisa nzira dzekudzivirira nadzo vakadzi. Zvino, makore makumi matanhatu gare gare, vakadzi vachiri vanonyanya kukonzera kudzivirira kubata nhumbu vachishandisa nzira dzakadai sepiritsi, maIUD, uye mhete dzechikadzi.





Pamhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekudzivirira kuberekwa, dzinoverengeka chete dzinogona kushandiswa nevarume: makondomu, kubvisa (zvinowanzozivikanwa senzira yekuburitsa), vasectomies, outercourse, uye kurega. Nekudaro, kune mashoma mafomu e kubata pamuviri kwevanhurume muchikamu chekiriniki chekuyedza. Kune matatu matatu echirume ekudzora kubereka nzira mukuvandudza:



  1. Yemazuva mahormone echirume ekudzivirira kubata piritsi (inonzi dimethandrolone undecanoate kana DMAU) inoderedza mwero we testosterone (murume mahormone)
  2. Iyo yemhando gel iyo inodzvinyirira kugadzirwa kwourume
  3. TO kamwe-nguva kupfura iyo inoisa gel mukati mevas deferens (iyo dhayeti inofambisa urume kune iyo urethra) kuvharira urume kubva mukufamba kunze kwemachende

Kuwedzera idzi nzira nhatu kunowedzera zvakanyanya sarudzo dzevanhurume mukudzivirira nhumbu dzisingadiwe.

Isu takanga tichida kuona kuti nzira nhatu dzinogona kuve dzekudzivirira kubereka dzinogona kuchinja sei simba pakati pevanhurume nevanhukadzi pabonde uye kuti vanogovana sei basa rehutano hwavo hwekubereka. Kuti tizive, takaongorora vanhu 998 vanoita zvepabonde, vakarurama vanhu vane makore gumi nemasere kusvika makumi matatu nemanomwe. Izvi ndizvo zvatakadzidza…

Ndiani anofanirwa kudzora kuberekwa?

Ndiani anofanira kuve nebasa rekudzivirira kuberekwa?



Kana zvasvika pakugovera basa rekuberekwa, vangangoita vatatu muvakadzi vana uye vangangoita makumi manomwe nevaviri muzana evarume vaitenda kuti vese vanoita zvepabonde vane mutoro wakaenzana wekushandisa kubata pamuviri.

Paive nechikamu chikuru chevarume kupfuura vakadzi vaitenda kuti mukadzi anofanirwa kuve nebasa rekubereka, zvisinei, pamwe nekuti iri basa rakatorwa nevakadzi kwemakumi emakore.

Muganhu mutsva mukudzivirira kubata pamuviri

Zvingangodaro zvekudzivirira kubata pamuviri



Iine huwandu hukuru hwevarume vari kudairira kuenzana mukutarisirwa kwekuberekwa, takaongorora vatori vechikamu nezvekuti ndedzipi nzira dzechirume dzekudzivirira nadzo dzavanoda kushandisa.

Vanopfuura makumi mashanu muzana evakadzi vanozovhurika kuti vave nemurume wepabonde naye anoshandisa piritsi rekuronga kuberekwa zuva nezuva. Vakadzi vasina murume vainyanya kuda kuve nemumwe wavo waaishandisa piritsi rehormone rezuva nezuva (63%). Pakazara, vakadzi vazhinji vaive vakavhurika kune yemurume yekuzvarwa piritsi kupfuura varume.

Nepo makumi mana muzana evarume vakati vaizoshandisa piritsi rekudzora kuberekwa kwezuva nezuva, yakafanana chikamu chevamiririri vechirume yaisazovhurika kune chero matatu eanogona sarudzo.



Mapiritsi ezuva nezuva evarume

Ini ndinonzwa sekunge dzimwe sarudzo dzevarume dzinogona kuchinja zvine simba, zvichipa varume kudzora zvishoma uye pamwe rimwe basa rekudzivirira kubata nhumbu, akadaro murume ane makore makumi maviri nemanomwe ekubvunzurudza murume kubva kuNew York.



Injodzi yekuzvarwa kwechirume yaive yakapetwa kaviri seyakakurumbira kune vakadzi muhukama kupfuura varume vari muhukama. Sezvo jekiseni raizoendeswa kunharaunda ine hunyanzvi, zvinonzwisisika kuti iyi sarudzo yaisazove sarudzo yekutanga yevanhurume yekuzvarwa. Kune rimwe divi, jekiseni renguva imwe chete rinogona kuve nechikumbiro chakakura kuvakadzi vane sarudzo dzekuzvarwa nadzo dzinoda kutarisirwa nguva dzose, senge piritsi rezuva nezuva kana rin'i yemukadzi yemwedzi.

Vakadzi vanokurudzirwa maitiro ekudzivirira kuberekwa

Varume nevakadzi



Isu taidawo kuziva kana vakadzi vaiwanzo sarudza nzira dzekuzvarwa nadzo dzevamwe vavo zvichibva nenzira dzavari kushandisa parizvino. Kana zvasvika kuvakadzi vaishandisa piritsi nepfuti, ivo vaiwanzo sarudza nzira dzakafanana kune waungazodanana naye.

Vanopfuura makumi matanhatu muzana evakadzi vaive parizvino piritsi vakasarudza iyo piritsi yechirume kune mamwe maitiro ekudzivirira kuberekwa kwevanhurume. Saizvozvowo, vangangoita 66% yevakadzi vakawana pfuti vakapindura kuti vangasarudza murume wekuroora naye kuti ashandise yekuzvarwa.



Chikamu chakakura chevakadzi vaishandisa nzira dzinoparadza dzekuzvarwa senge IUD , rin'i yemunhukadzi, kana kudyarwa kwekuzvarwa kwaiwanzo sarudza iyo isiri-mahormoni kupfura. Izvi zvinogona kuve nekuti jekiseni-imwe-nguva inogona kuve neyakafanana mashandiro uye kushanda kwenguva refu kune iyo IUD, rin'i, uye kudyara.

Kuchinja nzira dzazvino dzekuronga kuberekwa

Varume nevakadzi

Nedzimwe sarudzo dzekuzvarwa kwevanhurume dziripo, takaongorora vakadzi kuti tione kuti zvingakanganisa sei maitiro avo kune avo maitiro ekuzvarwa.

Vanoda kusvika makumi matanhatu nemasere muzana evakadzi vaizoramba vachishandisa nzira yavo yazvino yekudzivirira kubereka kana vaine mumwe wavo wavanoshandisa nzira nhatu dzechirume dzekudzivirira kuberekwa. Vakadzi vanogona kusarudza kuramba vakavimbika kune avo pari zvino nzira dzekudzivirira kuberekwa kana vaine vakawanda vavanorara navo uye zvimwe chete zvacho zvinoshandisa kudzora kubereka kwevanhurume. Tichifunga makumi matatu muzana evakadzi vakati vakasarudza kushandisa nzira mbiri dzekudzivirira kubereka panguva imwe chete, hazvishamise kuti vacharamba vachishandisa nzira yavo yazvino yekudzivirira kubereka kunyangwe kana mumwe wavo akashandisa kurapa kwevanhurume.

Vakadzi vaive nemaIUD vaive nemikana mishoma yekuvimba newavo wavakaroorana naye vachishandisa kuzvidzora kwemurume. Vanoda kusvika vatatu pavakadzi vana avo parizvino vaive neIUD vaizoramba vachishandisa nzira iyi yekudzivirira kuberekwa. Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri nekuti maIUD ari 99% inoshanda uye yekupedzisira chero makore matatu kusvika gumi nemaviri. Zvakare, vakadzi vanodarika makumi mashanu nezvishanu kubva muzana avo vaishandisa makondomu evakadzi zvakanyanya vangasarudza kuchinjira kuchimiro chitsva chekudzivirira kuberekwa. Vari 79% inoshanda , izvo zvinoita kuti vasave vakavimbika kupfuura mapiritsi ekudzivirira kubereka kana maIUD, uye ichi chingave chimwe chikonzero nei vashandisi vevashandi vekondomu vevakadzi vangave vakasununguka kuita shanduko.

Izvo zvakashata zvekuberekwa kwevarume

Zvinogona kuitika zvehurume pakuberekwa

Dzazvino nzira dzinogona kuitika dzekuzvarwa kwevanhurume dzakanamatira muchikamu chekuchengetedza kwekuyedza kwemakore, uye zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakatapudzwa nekuda kwemhedzisiro yakaipa.

Mune kutongwa izvo zvaisanganisira mazana matatu nevarume vane hutano hwehomoni yekuzvarwa yekudzivirira kupfura, makumi maviri evatori vechikamu vakabuda muchidzidzo. Yakanyanya yakaipa mhedzisiro mhedzisiro yakaitika panguva yekutongwa yaisanganisira kesi yekushushikana, zvisina kujairika kurova kwemoyo, uye kusagadzikana kwe erectile . Vanenge vangangoita 1,500 zvakashata mhedzisiro mhedzisiro zviitiko zvakataurwa panguva yekudzidza, kusanganisira zvimwe zvidiki mhedzisiro senge jekiseni saiti kurwadziwa, acne, uye kuwedzera bonde drive.

Nzira dzechikadzi dzekudzora kubereka parizvino pamusika dzatozivikanwa kuti dzine mhedzisiro yakaipa. Piritsi rezuva nezuva rekudzivirira nhumbu rinogona kukonzera kusvotwa, kutemwa nemusoro, kurema kuwedzera , shanduko mukuona, uye zvimwe zvakawanda.

Kuziviswa kwemhedzisiro inokanganisa yevamwe vakadzi nzira dzekudzivirira kuberekwa kunogona kuita kuti vese varume nevakadzi vazeye nezvesarudzo dzechirume dzekuzvarwa nadzo. Tsvagurudzo yakaratidza kuti 67% yevarume uye 57% yevakadzi vaishushikana nezve zvingangoitika zvebonde mhedzisiro kubva kuchirume kuberekwa. Pamusoro pezvo, pamusoro pe53% yevarume uye makumi mashanu muzana evakadzi vakati vari kunetsekana nezve zvinogona kuitika hutano hwepfungwa.

Ndinoda zano kana vasingakonzere mhedzisiro, akadaro mukadzi wemakore makumi matatu nematatu ekubvunzurudza mukadzi anobva kuNew Mexico. Kudzora kwemadzimai ekuzvarwa kunokonzera mhedzisiro yakawanda, saka handivimbe nemurume pakuberekwa pakuberekwa. Hapana munhu anofanirwa kumanikidzwa kuenda kuburikidza neusingafadzi hutano mhedzisiro kana dzimwe nzira dziripo.

Zvakanakira kuberekwa

Zvakanakira kudzora kuberekwa kwevanhurume

Iyo huru inoonekwa kubatsirwa kwehurume kuberekwa kudzora nevarume kwakawedzera kudzivirira nhumbu. Vanopfuura makumi matatu muzana evarume vakapindura vaizonzwa zvakanyanya kudzora hutano hwavo hwekubereka, uyezve 34% vakati vaizorega kupfeka makondomu.

Vanopfuura makumi mashanu nezvitanhatu muzana evakadzi vaitenda kuti kuberekwa kwevanhurume kwaizoita kuti zvive zvakanaka kune vese varume nevakadzi kuve nebasa rekuronga kubereka, nepo vari pasi pe38% yevarume vakabvumirana.

Ndingave ndichifara kuve nehutongi huzere pamusoro pemano angu ekubereka, asi ndingazotsamwa kana ndikafanirwa kushanyira hofisi yechiremba kazhinji kuti nditore pfuti kana mishonga, akadaro murume ane makore makumi matatu nemana anotora chikamu kubva kuFlorida.

Makumi mana nematatu muzana evakadzi vakabvumirana kuti kuwanikwa kwesarudzo dzevanhurume dzekuzvarwa kwaizovatendera kuti vanzwe kushomeka nezvekudzivirira nhumbu dzisingadiwe, nepo vanopfuura makumi maviri nenomwe muzana evarume vachinzwa kushomeka, zvakare.

Ongororo ichangoburwa yakawanikwa kuti kana gumi muzana yevarume vanofarira nzira dzekudzivirira nadzo vanhurume vakashandisa nzira nyowani dzekudzivirira nhumbu, nhumbu dzisingatarisirwe dzinodzikiswa kusvika pa5,2% muUnited States.

Mhedziso

Iyo piritsi yekudzora kubereka yechikadzi yakachinja hupenyu sekuzviziva kwedu, uye inoramba ichionekwa kana nzira nyowani dzekuronga kubereka dzichizokanganisa zvakafanana. Nevanopfuura makumi manomwe kubva muzana yevaongorori vakapindura kuti vese vanoita zvepabonde vanofanirwa kuve nemabatiro akaenzana ekudzivirira kubereka, zvitatu zvitsva zvingasarudzwa nevarume zvinogona kuchinja masimba pakati pevaya vanoita zvepabonde.

Makumi mana muzana evarume vakapindura vaizove vanoda kuyedza piritsi rekudzora kuberekwa zuva nezuva. Padanho rakakura, izvo zvinogona kutsanangudza zvachose maitiro atiri kuita pakubata kubata. Kwete chete kuti kudzivirira kubata pamuviri kwevanhurume kunowedzera huwandu hwezviga vanhu pamusoro pekubereka kwavo asi zvakare zvinogona kugovera mutoro nerusununguko pakati pevarume nevakadzi kana zvasvika kune hutano hwepabonde.

Maitiro
Kuti tiitise chidzidzo chedu, takatora vanhu 998 vanoita zvepabonde, vakarurama vanhu vane makore 18 kusvika 37 vanogara muU.S. Avhareji zera raive 30.3. Iyo yakasarudzika kutsauka kwezera yaive makore 4.8. Vatori vechikamu 495 vaive varume, uye 493 vaive vakadzi. 773 vaive muhukama, uye 215 vaive vasina. Ongororo iyi yakaitwa pachishandiswa Amazon's Mechanical Turk.

Kukanganisa
Sezvo ongororo yedu ichivimba chete nezviyeuchidzo nezviitiko zvevatori vechikamu vedu, rumwe ruzivo rwavakataura runogona kunge rwusina kukwana, kuwedzeredza, kana kushomeka.

Ichi chidzidzo chakanyanya kutarisana nemamiriro ekufungidzira, saka mhinduro dzinogona kunge dzakasiyana kana idzi sarudzo dzekuzvarwa kwevanhurume dzaivepo kuti dzishandiswe muU.S.

Ichi chidzidzo zvakare chingangodaro chisina kusanganisira zvese zvechirume zvekuzvarwa pari zvino zviri kuongororwa uye kuvandudzwa.

Zviwanikwa mune ino chidzidzo hazvina kuyerwa kana kuwanda kuongororwa.