Ropa rako rinorevei kune hutano hwako?

Dzidzo yehutano

Kana zvese zvaunoziva nezve ropa rako nderekuti rakatsvuka, iwe une zvimwe zvekukwira kuti uite.

Ropa rinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana. Kune matsvuku uye machena masero eropa, anotakura okisijeni uye anobatsira kurwisa hutachiona, zvichiteerana. Kune maplatelet, ayo anobatsira ropa rako kugwamba. Uye kune plasma, iyo inopa muviri nezvinhu zvakaita semutumbi uye mahormone. Yako plasma ine ma antibodies, zvinova zvinhu izvo immune system yako inoshandisa kurwisa vapambi vekunze senge utachiona uye hutachiona.

Ropa rako rinewo maantigen. Aya ndiwo mapuroteni nemamwe mamorekuru aripo kunze kwemasero matsvuku eropa. vanosarudza kuti une rudzii reropa. Ropa rinoenderera mberi kusarudzika neiyo rhesus factor (aka, Rh factor). Kana ropa rako riine chinhu cheRh D — chakanyanya kuwanda uye chakakosha pazvinhu zveRh - une mhando yeropa yakanaka. Kana ropa rako rikashayikwa, une mhando yeropa yakaipa.

Kuronga ropa zvichienderana nerudzi kwakakosha kune zvinhu senge kuwedzerwa ropa, izvo zvinotsiva ropa rakarasika kuburikidza nekuvhiya, tsaona, uye kubuda ropa kusagadzikana. Kusanganisa rumwe rudzi rweropa rwusingawirirani neimwe — nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita semaantigen uye Rh factor - kunogona kuuraya.

Ropa rine hutano rakakosha pahupenyu hwakanaka. Kubva pakutaipa kusvika pakuwedzera ropa, hezvino izvo zvaunoda kuti uzive nezveropa rako uye hutano hwako.

Kune marudzi mangani eropa aripo?

Ruzhinji rwevanhu vane imwe yerudzi rwemasere eropa. Zvekare, mhando dzeropa dzinoenderana nemaantigen (kana kushomeka kwavo) anowanikwa pane ako masero eropa uye kuti kana rako ropa rako riine iyo Rh D chinhu. Ropa rinonyorwa maererano neABO system yeboka reropa. Kana ropa rako riine maantigen, iwe une A yeropa mhando. Kana uine maantigen B, une B yeropa mhando. Vamwe vanhu vane zvese maantigen A uye B, achivapa AB ropa. Uye vanhu vane O yeropa mhando havana maA kana B maantigen.

Imwe yeaya marudzi anowedzera kuputswa zvichienderana neRh yavo factor. Semuenzaniso, vamwe vanhu vane A positive ropa nepo vamwe vaine A negative. Nhamba diki kwazvo yevanhu vane inonzi Rh null ropa (inonziwo ropa regoridhe), zvichireva kuti haina Rh zvinhu zvacho. Izvi hazviwanzoitika, zvichiitika mune vashoma chete vanhu pasirese.

Ropa kana rudzi rweropa rwakajairika zvakadii kana kushomeka zvinosiyana nerudzi, dzinza, uye chikamu chipi chenyika chaunogara. Zvinoenderana nebhuku Ropa Mapoka uye Red Masero Maantigen , Ropa B rinowanikwa muvanhu muAsia nepo ropa reropa A rakajairika muCentral nekuEastern Europe. MuU.S. uye kuWestern Europe, O inovhenekera ndiyo mhando yeropa yakajairika, sekuva nechakanaka Rh factor. AB isina kunaka ndiyo isingawanzo. Zvakadiniko nemamwe marudzi ese eropa? Iyo Stanford Ropa Center inopa idzi nhamba.

Rudzi rweropa	Percentage yevaAmerica vane mhando yeropa
O +	37.4%
A +	35.7%
B +	8.5%
OR-	6.6%
TO-	6.3%
AB +	3.4%
B-	1.5%
Kubva-	0.6%

Ropa rangu nderipi?

Ropa rako rudzi rwakagarwa nhaka kubva kuvabereki vako-uye haugone kuchichinja zvakare kupfuura zvaunogona kuchinja ziso rako.

Mubereki wega wega anopa imwe yeavo maviri A, B, kana O alleles (chimiro chejini) kurudzi rweropa rwemwana. Iyo O allele inoonekwa seyakawandisa, zvinoreva kuti haisi kugara ichiratidzwa. Saka kana mukadzi ane maOleles ane mwana nemurume ane BB alleles, mwana anozova neB yeropa type.

Mwana angave neropa rudzi rwakasiyana nevabereki vake here? Zvinotokwanisika, anodaro Deva Sharma , MD, MS, hematologist-oncologist kuVanderbilt University Medical Center muNashville, Tenn.Semuenzaniso, amai veAO vanozove neropa rerudzi A, uye baba veBHO vachange vaine mhando yeropa B. Zvisinei, pane mukana we25% vanogona kuva nemwana neropa reropa O (ane nhaka yeOO alleles), uye mukana makumi maviri neshanu vanogona kuve nemwana ane AB yeropa mhando (nenhaka yeA allele kubva kuna amai uye B vanodzikira kubva kuna baba ).

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinosangana zvinogona kuitika? Emory University Chikoro cheMishonga isa pamwe ichi chati:

Mubereki # 1 ma alleles	Mubereki # 2 ma alleles	Rudzi Rweropa Rwemucheche
AA kana AO (Type A)	AA kana AO (Type A)	Tora A kana O
AA kana AO (Type A)	BB kana BO (Rudzi B)	Tora A, B, AB, kana O
AA kana AO (Type A)	AB (Type AB)	Tora A, B, kana AB
AA kana AO (Type A)	HUNGU (Type O)	Tora A kana O
BB kana BO (Rudzi B)	BB kana BO (Rudzi B)	Tora B kana O
BB kana BO (Rudzi B)	AB (Type AB)	Rudzi B, A kana AB
BB kana BO (Rudzi B)	HUNGU (Type O)	Tora B kana O
AB (Type AB)	AB (Type AB)	Tora A, B, kana AB
AB (Type AB)	HUNGU (Type O)	Tora A kana B
HUNGU (Type O)	HUNGU (Type O)	Tora O

Yako Rh factor inogarwawo nhaka, uye senge yako yeropa mhando, iwe unogara nhaka imwe yeiri Rh alleles kubva kumubereki wega wega. Saka mwana anogamuchira Rh positive allele kubva kumubereki wega wega achave Rh positive, uye mumwe achigamuchira yakaipa Rh allele kubva kumubereki wega wega ichave Rh negative. Kana iwe uine imwe yakanaka uye imwe isina kunaka Rh allele (ichiita kuti uve Rh positive, sezvo Rh negative allele isingazotonga), unogona kupfuudza imwe chete kumwana wako. Kunyangwe kana kwete mwana wako achange ari Rh positive kana asina kunaka kunoenderana nezvino pfuudzwawo nemumwe mubereki.

Ndingazive sei mhando yeropa rangu?

Pane nzira nhatu dzaungazive neropa rako.

1. Mubatsiri wako wehutano anogona kuraira kuongororwa kweropa.
2. Unogona kupa ropa. Muedzo wekutapa uchaitwa uye mhedzisiro inotumirwa kwauri.
3. Unogona kutenga kumba-yekunyora kuteedzera ropa. Iyi bvunzo inowanzo sanganisira kubaya munwe wako uye kuisa donhwe reropa pakemikari inorapwa kadhi inotarisa maantigen uye iyo Rh factor. Iwe unobva waenzanisa zvaunoona pane kadhi negwara rakapihwa. Mimwe bvunzo inogona kusanganisira semate sampuli.

Iyi bvunzo haina kupusa, hazvo. Kune zvimwe zvinoitika umo tinowana zvinopesana mukunyora ropa kwedu, anodaro Dr. Sharma. Izvi zvinogona kuitika mumunhu ane gomarara reropa, semuenzaniso, kana mune mumwe munhu akambowedzerwa ropa nguva pfupi yadarika kana stem cell yekuisirwa.

Ndeapi marudzi eropa anoenderana nekuisirwa?

Kunyangwe ichiita senge inopesana, kuziva yako yeropa mhando haina kunyatso kutsoropodza. Zvinotoshamisa ndezvokuti vanhu vazhinji vanoenda kuburikidza nehupenyu hwavo hwese vasingazive mhando yeropa ravo uye hazvivakuvadze, anodaro Jerry E. Squires , MD, Ph.D., purofesa paMedical University yeSouth Carolina muCharleston. Sei? Nekuti hapana chipatara chiri kuzoisira murwere chirwere chisina kutanga chaitwa kuti aone rudzi rwemurwere. Uye, aiwa, chipatara hachitore shoko remurwere rerudzi rweropa ravo. Ndinoziva kuti ndiri boka reropa A, asi kana ndichida ropa, kuongororwa kunozoitwa kutanga kuve nechokwadi cherudzi rwangu uye kuti masero matsvuku eropa eropa akasarudzwa kuti ndiwedzerwe ropa.

Kuwedzerwa neropa rerudzi rwusingaenderani neyako kunogona kuuraya. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti masoja ekudzivirira muropa rekunze anogona kukonzera immune immune kurwisa kwariri, zvichikonzera kuputika kwematambudziko. Ndeapi marudzi eropa anoenderana uye ndeapi asiri? Maererano ne Chirangaridzo Ropa Nzvimbo , mubatanidzwa wakachengeteka unosanganisira:

Rudzi rweropa	Unogona kupa ropa ku	Unogona kugamuchira ropa kubva
A +	A +, AB +	A +, A-, O +, O-
TO-	A-, A +, AB-, AB +	KU-
B +	B +, AB +	B +, B-, O +, O-
B-	B-, B +, AB-, AB +	B-, O-
AB +	AB +	AB +, AB-, A +, A-, B +, B-, O +, O-
Kubva-	AB-, AB +	AB-, A-, B-, O-
O +	O +, A +, B +, AB +	O +, O-
OR-	O-, O +, A +, A-, B +, B-, AB +, AB-	OR-

Chii chinoitika kana iwe uri mune emergency uye usina nguva yekuongororwa kweropa rudzi? Iwe uchagamuchira O- ropa. Pasina chero maantigen kana Rh D chinhu, O-ropa rinoenderana nemamwe ese eropa mhando. Nechikonzero ichocho, vanhu vane O-ropa vanonzi vanopa kune vese.

Zvinoenderana ne American Red Cross , mumasekondi maviri ega ega mumwe munhu munyika ino anoda kuwedzerwa ropa. Izvo zvinoita zvipo zveropa kunyanya kutsoropodza. Kana iwe uri mutano, ndokumbirawo uve mupi weropa, Dr. Squires vanokurudzira. Hakuna chinotsiva ropa, uye kana vanhu vakasapa mari tinopera. Izvi hazvingareve kuvhiyiwa, kusaisirwa, uye pasina kurapwa kwekutambudzika.

Ropa rangu rinoti chii nezve hutano hwangu?

Ropa rako rinogona kukuita kuti utarise kune zvimwe zvirwere here? Nepo dzimwe nyanzvi dzichiti chero chinogona kuitika mhando yeropa inotamba pahutano haina kukosha zvachose, vamwe vanoti pane kubatana kwakakodzera.

Maantigen eABO anoumba mhando yeropa redu haangoratidzwe pamusoro pemasero matsvuku eropa, asi aripo mune mamwe matishu evanhu zvakare, anodaro Dr. Sharma. Izvi zvinopa hwaro hweABO yeropa mhando kuve nekliniki kukosha kweakasiyana mhedzisiro yehutano kunze kweropa system.

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvingave izvo zvehutano zvabuda? Maererano ne Northwestern Mushonga , zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti:

• Vanhu vane mhando O ropa rine njodzi yakaderera kwazvo yehosha yemoyo nepo vanhu vane B neAB vari vepamusoro.
• Vanhu vane A uye AB ropa rine mwero wepamusoro wekenza yemudumbu.
• Vanhu vane mhando yeropa A. unogona kuva nenguva yakaoma kupfuura vamwe vanogadzirisa kunetseka nekuti ivo vanowanzo gadzira yakawanda yeiyo yekushushikana kemikari cortisol.

Asi kana zvasvika kune yeropa mhando uye COVID-19 varwere-chirwere chenguva - pane nhau dzakanaka. Zvinoenderana neongororo ichangobva kuitwa kubva kuHarvard Medical School vaongorori vakaburitswa mumagazini Zvinyorwa zveHematology , Ropa rerudzi harune chekuita nekuti munhu anorwara sei necoronavirus (kunyangwe hazvo zvichinzi zvinogona kudaro).

VERENGA ZVINOTEVERA: Sei uye nei uchifanira kupa ropa panguva yechirwere